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portion of a sphere

  • 1 sphere

    ■ Leuchtenglocke f
    < gen> (any spherical body) ■ Kugel f
    < edp> (basic 3D element in a surface model) ■ Kugel f ; Kugeloberfläche f

    English-german technical dictionary > sphere

  • 2 calotte sphérique

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > calotte sphérique

  • 3 calotte

    calotte [kalɔt]
    feminine noun
    * * *
    kalɔt
    1) ( couvre-chef) skull cap
    2) (colloq) ( tape) slap; fig
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    kalɔt nf
    1) (= coiffure) skullcap
    2) (= gifle) slap

    la calotte (= clergé) — the clergy

    * * *
    calotte nf
    1 ( couvre-chef) skull cap; la calotte d'un chapeau the body of a hat;
    2 ○ Relig ( clergé) la calotte the cloth; être de la calotte○ to be of the cloth;
    3 ○( tape) slap; fig prendre une bonne calotte to be given a slap;
    4 Archit calotte; la calotte d'une voûte the calotte of a vault.
    calotte crânienne Anat top of the skull, calvarium spéc; calotte glaciaire Géog icecap; calotte sphérique Math spherical cap.
    [kalɔt] nom féminin
    1. [vêtement] skullcap
    [de prêtre] calotte, skullcap
    (se) prendre ou recevoir une calotte to get a thick ear
    4. ARCHITECTURE [voûte] calotte

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > calotte

  • 4 מועט

    מוּעָטm., מוּעֶטֶת f. (= מְמ׳; מָעַט) small, minute, sparse. דבר מ׳ a little; small (spot). Tosef.Sot.XV, 12, sq.; Tosef.B. Bath. II, 17 משייד בה ד׳ מ׳ leaves a little portion (of the wall) unfinished in remembrance of the destruction of Jerusalem; משיידת ד׳ מ׳ leaves off a little portion of her toilet. Ḥag.I, 5 זה וזה מ׳ if he has little of both. Ib. 8 שהן מקדא מ׳ the Biblical text for these laws is sparse. Gitt.14a מתנה מ׳ a small gift. Sifra Tsav, ch. 15, Par. 11 סמיכה מ׳ the putting on of hands which is rarer (than waving, being confined only to live sacrifices); תנופה מ׳ waving which is rarer (being performed by one person only, while putting hands on is done by all sharers in the sacrifice); a. fr.Pl. מוּעָטִים, מוּעָטִין; מוּעָטוֹת. Ḥag. l. c. אוכלים מרובים ונכסים מ׳ many eaters (members of the household partaking of the peace-offering) and small wealth. Ib. עולות מ׳ less burnt-offerings (than peace-offerings). Ib. 11a מקרא … והלכות מ׳ the Rabbinical laws sparse in comparison to the profuse Bible text on the subject. Arakh.30b וכי יש … שנים מ׳ are there longer and shorter years?; a. fr.Esp. מוּעָט, מְמוּעָט the smaller thing, the lesser sphere. R. Hash. 4b, a. fr. תפסת מרובה לא תפסת תפסת מ׳ תפסת if you take hold of the larger thing, you may lose your hold, if of the smaller, you will hold it, i. e. where the interpretation is doubtful, select the smaller number; Y.Yoma II, end, 40a הממ׳. Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., ch. 13, Par. XII הממ׳ the least portion thereof. Y.Keth.III, 27d bot. בושת הקטן ממ׳ the disgrace of a minor is the less grave thing; ib. ונזקי ממ׳ and the indemnity he gets, is smaller; a. fr.

    Jewish literature > מועט

  • 5 מוּעָט

    מוּעָטm., מוּעֶטֶת f. (= מְמ׳; מָעַט) small, minute, sparse. דבר מ׳ a little; small (spot). Tosef.Sot.XV, 12, sq.; Tosef.B. Bath. II, 17 משייד בה ד׳ מ׳ leaves a little portion (of the wall) unfinished in remembrance of the destruction of Jerusalem; משיידת ד׳ מ׳ leaves off a little portion of her toilet. Ḥag.I, 5 זה וזה מ׳ if he has little of both. Ib. 8 שהן מקדא מ׳ the Biblical text for these laws is sparse. Gitt.14a מתנה מ׳ a small gift. Sifra Tsav, ch. 15, Par. 11 סמיכה מ׳ the putting on of hands which is rarer (than waving, being confined only to live sacrifices); תנופה מ׳ waving which is rarer (being performed by one person only, while putting hands on is done by all sharers in the sacrifice); a. fr.Pl. מוּעָטִים, מוּעָטִין; מוּעָטוֹת. Ḥag. l. c. אוכלים מרובים ונכסים מ׳ many eaters (members of the household partaking of the peace-offering) and small wealth. Ib. עולות מ׳ less burnt-offerings (than peace-offerings). Ib. 11a מקרא … והלכות מ׳ the Rabbinical laws sparse in comparison to the profuse Bible text on the subject. Arakh.30b וכי יש … שנים מ׳ are there longer and shorter years?; a. fr.Esp. מוּעָט, מְמוּעָט the smaller thing, the lesser sphere. R. Hash. 4b, a. fr. תפסת מרובה לא תפסת תפסת מ׳ תפסת if you take hold of the larger thing, you may lose your hold, if of the smaller, you will hold it, i. e. where the interpretation is doubtful, select the smaller number; Y.Yoma II, end, 40a הממ׳. Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., ch. 13, Par. XII הממ׳ the least portion thereof. Y.Keth.III, 27d bot. בושת הקטן ממ׳ the disgrace of a minor is the less grave thing; ib. ונזקי ממ׳ and the indemnity he gets, is smaller; a. fr.

    Jewish literature > מוּעָט

  • 6 участок

    м.
    1) (земли́) terrain m; lotissement m, lot m de terrain; parcelle f de terrain ( мелкий)

    дроби́ть ( или дели́ть) на уча́стки — parceller vt; lotir vt

    лесно́й уча́сток — parterre m de coupe

    приуса́дебный уча́сток — enclos m, potager m individuel

    2) ( административный) arrondissement m

    избира́тельный уча́сток — bureau m de vote, section électorale, permanence f

    уча́сток доро́ги ж.-д. — section f

    3) воен. secteur m

    уча́сток оборо́ны полка́ — sous-secteur m

    4) (область, сфера) sphère f, secteur m

    уча́сток рабо́ты — sphère de travail

    5) (часть, кусок) endroit m

    поражённый уча́сток (ко́жи) — endroit affecté

    6) ( полицейский) уст. quart m ( или poste m) de police; commissariat m de police
    * * *
    n
    1) gener. aire, arrondissement, secteur, quartier, tranche, tronçon, chantier, coin, lopin, lot, pièce
    2) med. area
    3) milit. créneau, site
    4) eng. district, bail (нефтепромысла), division, partie, portion, quartier (напр., горный), terrain
    6) construct. lot (работ), parcelle, zone, (âåìôî) (lot de) terrain, (линейных сооружений) tronфon, (поверхности) partie (de surface), (ñòðîîòåôüíûé) chantier
    7) anat. région
    8) railw. section
    9) mining. (горный) panneau
    10) metal. plage
    11) IT. endroit
    12) mech.eng. région chargée, plage (поверхности)

    Dictionnaire russe-français universel > участок

  • 7 λῆξις

    λῆξις (A), εως, ἡ, [dialect] Ion. [full] λάξις (q.v.), ([etym.] λαγχάνω)
    2 portion assigned by lot, allotment, ib. 740a, 747e, Criti. 109c, 113b; cf. λάξις.
    b section of a body, determined by lot, Arist.Ath.30.3, 31.3.
    3 without the notion of lot or chance, assigned sphere,

    θεῶν καὶ τῶν εἰς θείαν λῆξιν πορευθέντων Jul.Or.6.187c

    ; ἡ ἑτέρα λ. the other world, Hld.2.24; ἡ ἑῴα λ. the eastern part of the empire, Procop. Gaz.Pan.497.3; ἡ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς λ. the sphere of Athena, Lib.Or.12.36, Decl.1.175, Ep.1065.3; province, τὰς λ. [τῶν θεῶν] Herm. in Phdr. p.74A.; dwelling-place, εἰ.. αἱ λ. τῶν ψυχῶν.. ὑποσέληνοί εἰσιν ib. p.104A.
    II as law-term, λ. δίκης or λ. alone, written complaint lodged with the Archon, as the first step in private actions, nearly, = ἔγκλημα, Pl.R. 425d, Is.11.10, Aeschin.1.63, cf.

    λαγχάνω 1.3

    ; very rarely of public actions, as in D.39.17.
    2 λ. τοῦ κλήρου, an application to the Archon (required of all except direct descendants) to be put in legal possession of an inheritance,

    τοῦ κλήρου λαχεῖν τὴν λ. ἠξίωσεν Is.3.2

    , cf. Arist.Ath.43.4.
    ------------------------------------
    λῆξις (B), εως, ἡ, ([etym.] λήγω)
    A cessation, μόχθων, ἀνέμων, A.Eu. 505 (lyr.), A.R.1.1086; of the flow of a river, Ph.1.175;

    τῆς ἐνεργείας λῆξιν λαμβανούσης Gal.Phil.Hist.17

    , cf. M.Ant.9.21.
    2 death, decase, PMasp.19.6 (vi A.D.), etc.
    II Gramm., termination, A.D. Synt.104.28;

    λ. ἡ εἰς ς ¯ Id.Adv.195.27

    .
    III end, extremity,

    τοῦ κόλου Sor.1.7

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λῆξις

  • 8 parcela

    f.
    1 plot (of land).
    2 plot of land, parcel of land, parcel, lot.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: parcelar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: parcelar.
    * * *
    1 (de tierra) plot (of land)
    2 figurado share, portion
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=solar) plot, piece of ground; (Agr) smallholding
    2) [de conocimientos, autonomía] (=parte) part, portion; (=área) area

    parcela de poder — [político] power base; [de influencia] sphere of influence

    * * *
    femenino plot (of land), lot (AmE)
    * * *
    = allotment, vegetable plot, croft, plot of land, piece of land.
    Ex. The factory worker compensates for his noisy and dirty work environment by digging his allotment.
    Ex. Vegetable plots found around British cities form a landscape type with its own particular human involvement.
    Ex. Ponies have been used for riding, transport, work on crofts and in coal mines, domestic service, and in show business.
    Ex. The core of readers and borrowers of agricultural literature are pensioners wanting to improving cultivation of their small private plots of land.
    Ex. So it is important that every piece of land is divided by a boundary to show the demarcation.
    ----
    * parcela de terreno = plot of land, piece of land.
    * parcela sin construir = vacant lot, vacant land.
    * proteger + Posesivo + parcela = guard + Posesivo + patch.
    * * *
    femenino plot (of land), lot (AmE)
    * * *
    = allotment, vegetable plot, croft, plot of land, piece of land.

    Ex: The factory worker compensates for his noisy and dirty work environment by digging his allotment.

    Ex: Vegetable plots found around British cities form a landscape type with its own particular human involvement.
    Ex: Ponies have been used for riding, transport, work on crofts and in coal mines, domestic service, and in show business.
    Ex: The core of readers and borrowers of agricultural literature are pensioners wanting to improving cultivation of their small private plots of land.
    Ex: So it is important that every piece of land is divided by a boundary to show the demarcation.
    * parcela de terreno = plot of land, piece of land.
    * parcela sin construir = vacant lot, vacant land.
    * proteger + Posesivo + parcela = guard + Posesivo + patch.

    * * *
    1 (solar) plot of land, plot, lot ( AmE)
    2 ( Chi) ( Agric) small farm, smallholding ( BrE)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo parcelar: ( conjugate parcelar)

    parcela es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    parcela    
    parcelar
    parcela sustantivo femenino
    plot (of land), lot (AmE)
    parcela sustantivo femenino
    1 (de tierra) plot
    2 (de conocimiento) field
    (de influencia, poder) area
    ' parcela' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    campo
    - estacar
    - huerta
    - intimidad
    - asignar
    - terreno
    English:
    allotment
    - land
    - lot
    - parcel
    - patch
    - piece
    - plot
    - property
    * * *
    1. [de tierra] plot (of land)
    2. [de saber, poder] area;
    el ministro no quiere que nadie invada su parcela de poder the minister doesn't want anyone encroaching on his area of authority;
    se agarra a su parcela de poder he's holding on to his power
    * * *
    f lot, Br
    plot
    * * *
    : parcel, tract of land
    * * *
    parcela n plot

    Spanish-English dictionary > parcela

  • 9 क्षेत्रम् _kṣētram

    क्षेत्रम् [क्षि-ष्ट्रन्] A fiield, ground, soil; चीयते बालिश- स्यापि सत्क्षेत्रपतिता कृषिः Mu.1.3.
    -2 Landed property, land.
    -3 Place, abode, region, repository; कपटशतमयं क्षेत्रमप्रत्ययानाम् Pt.1.191; Bh.1.77; Me.16.
    -4 A sa- cred spot, a place of pilgrimage; क्षेत्रं क्षत्रप्रधनपिशुनं कौरवं तद्भजेथाः Me.5; Bg.1.1.
    -5 An enclosed spot of ground, portion or space, superficies, circuit.
    -6 Fertile soil.
    -7 Place of origin; Bhāg.2.6.1.
    -8 A wife; अपि नाम कुलपतेरियमसवर्णक्षेत्रसंभवा स्यात् Ś.1; Ms.3.175; वृद्धस्तु व्याधितो वा राजा... क्षेत्रे बीजमुत्पादयेत् Kau. A.1.17.
    -9 The sphere of action, the body (regarded as the field of the working of the soul); योगिनो यं विचिन्वन्ति क्षेत्राभ्यन्तर- वर्तिनम् Ku.6.77; Bg.13.1,2,3.
    -1 The mind.
    -11 A house; a town.
    -12 A plane figure, as a triangle.
    -13 A diagram.
    -14 A sign of the zodiac.
    -15 (in chiromancy) A certain portion marked out on the palm; क्षेत्रं मृजां च विधिवत्कुशलो$वलोक्य सामुद्रविद्वदति यातमनागतं च Bṛi. S.68.1.
    -Comp. -अंशः a degree of the ecliptic.
    -अधिदेवता the tutelary deity of any sacred piece of ground.
    -आजीवः, -करः, -कृत m. a cultivator, peasant.
    -इक्षुः N. of a corn (यवनाल- Mar. जोंधळा).
    -गणितम् geo- metry.
    -गत a. geometrical. ˚उपपत्तिः f. geometrical proof.
    -ज a.
    1 produced in a field.
    -2 born from the body.
    (-जः) 1 one of the 12 kinds of sons allowed by the old Hindu Law, the offspring of a wife by a kins- man duly appointed to raise up issue to the husband; Ms.9.167,18; Y.1.69,2.128.
    -जात a. begotten on the wife of another.
    -ज्ञ a.
    1 knowing places.
    -2 clever, dexterous; क्षेत्रज्ञवद्भाषसे त्वं हि धर्मान् Mb.1.89.14.
    (-ज्ञः) 1 the soul; cf. क्षेत्रज्ञं चापि मां विद्धि सर्वक्षेत्रेषु भारत Bg. 13.1,3; Ms.12.12.
    -2 the Supreme Soul.
    -3 a liber- tine.
    -4 a husbandman.
    -5 a form of Śiva.
    -6 a witness. (
    -ज्ञा) a girl fifteen years old personating Durgā at a festival.
    -देवता the deity of the fields; N. of a serpant.
    -पतिः a land-owner, a landlord.
    -पदम् a place sacred to a deity; पादौ हरेः क्षेत्रपदानुसर्पणे Bhāg. 9.4.2.
    -पालः 1 a man employed to guard a field.
    -2 a deity protecting fields.
    -3 an epithet of Śiva.
    -फलम् the area or superficial contents of a figure (in math.)
    -भक्तिः f. the division of a field.
    -भूमिः f. cultivated land.
    -राशिः quantity represented by geometrical figures.
    -लिप्ता a minute of the ecliptic.
    -विद् a. = क्षेत्रज्ञ q. v. (-m.)
    1 a husbandman.
    -2 a sage, one who has spiritual knowledge; यमक्षरं क्षेत्रविदो विदुः Ku.3.5.
    -3 the soul; यः क्षेत्रवित्तपतया हृदि विष्वगाविः Bhāg.4.22.37.
    -व्यवहारः 1 drawing a figure in geometry.
    -2 geome- trical demonstration.
    -स्थ a. residing at a sacred place.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > क्षेत्रम् _kṣētram

  • 10 regio

    rĕgĭo, ōnis, f. [rego], a direction, line (rare but class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    nullā regione viaï Declinare,

    Lucr. 2, 249; cf.:

    notā excedo regione viarum,

    Verg. A. 2, 737:

    de rectā regione deflecto,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 176:

    haec eadem est nostrae rationis regio et via,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 70, § 181; cf.:

    oppidi murus ab planitie rectā regione, si nullus anfractus intercederet, MCC. passus aberat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46; and:

    non rectā regione iter instituit, sed ad laevam flexit,

    Liv. 21, 31:

    declinamus item motus nec tempore certo, nec regione loci certā,

    nor in a specified direction, Lucr. 2, 260; cf. id. 2, 293; Curt. 8, 9, 2:

    (Hercynia silva) rectā fluminis Danubii regione pertinet,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 25; 7, 46;

    Curt 7, 7, 4: ubi primos superare regionem castrorum animum adverterunt,

    the line, Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    eam esse naturam et religionem provinciae tuae, ut, etc.,

    i. e. the situation, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

    traicere amnem in regionem insulae,

    Curt. 8, 13, 23.—
    B.
    E regione, adverbially.
    a.
    In a straight line, directly:

    e regione moveri (opp. declinare),

    Cic. Fat. 9, 18;

    so of the rectilinear motion of atoms,

    id. ib. 20, 46:

    ferri, petere,

    id. Fin. 1, 6, 19:

    ut cadat e regione loci, quā dirigit aestus,

    straight down, perpendicularly, Lucr. 6, 823; cf. id. 6, 833.—
    b.
    In the opposite direction, over against, exactly opposite; constr. with gen., dat., or absol.
    (α).
    With gen.:

    (luna) cum est e regione solis,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 40, 103:

    erat e regione oppidi collis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 36:

    castris positis e regione unius eorum pontium, quos, etc.,

    id. ib. 7, 35:

    praesidio e regione castrorum relicto,

    id. ib. 7, 61 fin.:

    rates duplices e regione molis collocabat,

    id. B. C. 1, 25:

    e regione turris,

    id. B. G. 7, 25.—
    (β).
    With dat.: dicitis, esse e regione nobis e contrariā parte terrae, qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

    e regione castris castra ponere,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 35.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    acie e regione instructā,

    Nep. Milt. 5, 3.—
    * c.
    Trop., on the other hand, on the contrary (late Lat.;

    syn.: e contra): Arabes camelorum lacte vivunt, e regione septentrionales, etc.,

    Hier. adv. Jovin. 2, 7.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A. 1.
    Primarily in the lang. of augury:

    intra eas regiones, quā oculi conspiciant,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll.:

    nempe eo (sc. lituo) Romulus regiones direxit tum, cum urbem condidit... ab Attio Navio per lituum regionum facta descriptio,

    Cic. Div. 1, 17, 31:

    lituus, quo regiones vincere terminavit,

    id. N. D. 2, 3, 9:

    regionibus ratis,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 21.—
    2.
    In gen., a boundary-line, limit, boundary; usually in plur.
    a.
    Lit.:

    anteponatur omnibus Pompeius, cujus res gestae atque virtutes iisdem quibus solis cursus regionibus ac terminis continentur,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 10, 21; cf.:

    caeli regionibus terminare,

    id. ib. 3, 11, 26:

    orbis terrae regiones,

    id. Arch. 10, 23. — Rare in sing.:

    quae regione orbem terrarum definiunt,

    Cic. Balb. 28, 64.—
    b.
    Trop.:

    ejus (argumenti) nunc regiones, limites, confinia Determinabo,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 45:

    animus si, quibus regionibus vitae spatium circumscriptum est, eisdem omnes cogitationes terminaret suas,

    Cic. Arch. 11, 29:

    pars (quaestionum) circumscripta modicis regionibus,

    id. de Or. 2, 16, 68:

    vix facile sese regionibus officii continere,

    id. Agr. 2, 35, 97. —
    3.
    A quarter, region of the heavens or the earth (mostly poet.):

    (Nilus) exoriens penitus mediā ab regione diei,

    Lucr. 6, 723; so id. 6, 732:

    etiam regio (lunae mutatur), quae tum est aquilonaris, tum australis,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 50:

    deinde subter mediam regionem sol obtinet,

    id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

    atque eadem regio Vesper et Ortus erunt,

    Ov. Ib. 38; cf.

    vespertina,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 30;

    Vitr 4, 5, 1: caeli in regione serenā,

    Verg. A. 8, 528: regione occidentis, Liv 33, 17; Just. 18, 3, 10.—
    B.
    A portion (of the earth or heavens) of indefinite extent; a tract, territory, region (cf.: tractus, plaga).
    1.
    Lit.
    a.
    In gen.:

    in hac regione,

    Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 42:

    locum delegit in regione pestilenti salubrem,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 6, 11:

    agri fertilissima regio,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 13 fin.:

    quā te regione reliqui?

    Verg. A. 9, 390:

    regione portae Esquilinae,

    in the region, neighborhood, Liv. 3, 66 fin. Drak.; 25, 25; 30; 33, 17; cf. Oud. de Auct. B. Alex. 30, 7;

    for which: e regione castrorum,

    in the vicinity of the camp, Liv. 10, 43 Drak.:

    eā regione quā Sergius erat,

    id. 5, 8:

    tam vasta,

    Just. 13, 7, 3:

    acclivis,

    Col. 3, 13, 8:

    deserta siti regio,

    Verg. A. 4, 42. — Plur.:

    hi loci sunt atque hae regiones, quae mihi ab ero sunt demonstratae,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 1:

    cur in his ego te conspicor regionibus?

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 32:

    qui innumerabiles mundos infinitasque regiones mente peragravisset,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 102:

    terrae maximae regiones inhabitabiles,

    id. N. D. 1, 10, 24 et saep. —
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    A portion of country of indefinite extent; a territory, province, district, region; esp. freq. in plur., lands, territories:

    at regione locoque alio terrisque remotis,

    Lucr. 2, 534:

    Trebonium ad eam regionem, quae Aduaticis adjacet, depopulandam mittit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

    in ejusmodi regione atque provinciā, quae mari cincta esset,

    Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

    quae regio orave terrarum erat latior?

    id. Sest. 30, 66:

    regio Pedana,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 2:

    quorum hominum regio,

    id. ib. 1, 15, 2:

    Sogdiana,

    Curt. 7, 10, 1:

    Cantium, quae regio est maritima omnis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 14:

    quae regio totius Galliae media habetur,

    id. ib. 6, 13: Sida, quae extrema regio est provinciae meae, Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 5:

    ubi major atque illustrior incidit res, clamore per agros regionesque significant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 3:

    principes regionum atque pagorum inter suos jus dicunt,

    id. ib. 6, 23:

    alias regiones partesque peteret,

    id. ib. 6, 43 fin.; cf.

    so with partes,

    id. B. C. 1, 25:

    deinde in quattuor regiones dividi Macedoniam. Unam fore et primam partem, quod, etc.... Secundam fore regionem, quam, etc.,

    Liv. 45, 29:

    quod erant propinquae regiones,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 34:

    ut quam latissimas regiones praesidiis teneret,

    id. ib. 3, 44. — Sometimes a district with its people: tractus ille celeberrimus, tota denique nostra illa aspera et montuosa et felix et fautrix suorum regio, Cic. Planc. 9, 22.—
    (β).
    A principal division of the city of Rome, and of the territory around Rome, a quarter, ward, district, circle (of these, under Servius Tullius, there were in the city four, and in the Roman territory twenty-six; under Augustus, there were fourteen in the city), Laelius Felix ap. Gell. 15, 27, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Varr. ap. Non. 43, 10; Suet. Aug. 30; Tac. A. 14, 12; 15, 40; Inscr. Orell. 4 sq. et saep.; cf.

    Niebuhr, Gesch. 1, p. 458 sq.: regio quaedam urbis aeternae,

    Amm. 22, 9, 3; 16, 10, 15.—

    Of other cities,

    Inscr. Orell. 6, 768.—Hence, A REGIONIBVS, a captain of a quarter, Inscr. Murat. 894, 8; 895, 4 and 5.—
    (γ).
    Of the provinces into which Italy was divided by Augustus, a province, division:

    descriptionem ab eo (Augusto) factum Italiae totius in regiones undecim,

    Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 46; 3, 11, 16, § 99; 3, 12, 17, § 106 al.—
    2.
    Trop., a province, department, sphere:

    dum in regionem astutiarum mearum te induco, ut scias Juxta mecum mea consilia,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 78; 3, 3, 13:

    idque (consilium) situm mediā regione in pectoris haeret,

    Lucr. 3, 140: ceterae fere artes se ipsae per se tuentur singulae;

    benedicere autem non habet definitam aliquam regionem, cujus terminis saepta teneatur,

    has no determinate province, Cic. de Or. 2, 2, 5:

    eadem est nostrae rationis regio et via,

    compass and course, id. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 181. —
    3.
    The country, the field (late Lat.):

    herba regionis,

    Vulg. Gen. 2, 5:

    ligna,

    id. Ezech. 17, 24;

    id. Joel, 1, 19: bestiae,

    id. Ezech. 31, 13.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > regio

  • 11 legal

    2) законний, легальний; заснований на законі; заснований на загальному праві, який регулюється загальним правом; легітимний; правовий; правознавчий; правомірний; правосудний; судовий; узаконений; юридичний
    •

    legal gap in protection afforded — прогалина у правовому захисті, що надається

    - legal abortion
    - legal abuse
    - legal access
    - legal accountability
    - legal acquisition
    - legal act
    - legal action
    - legal activities
    - legal activities activity
    - legal acts
    - legal address
    - legal administration
    - legal advertisement
    - legal advice
    - legal advice bureau
    - legal advice center
    - legal advice centre
    - legal advice office
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    - legal age
    - legal agency
    - legal agent
    - legal aid
    - legal aid agency
    - legal aid bureau
    - legal aid office
    - legal aid order
    - legal alien
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    - legal argument
    - legal arrest
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    - legal assets
    - legal assignment
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    - legal assumption
    - legal author
    - legal autonomy
    - legal awareness
    - legal bar
    - legal barrier
    - legal basis
    - legal bill
    - legal body
    - legal bond
    - legal boundary
    - legal burden
    - legal business
    - legal cadres
    - legal calendar
    - legal capacity
    - legal capital
    - legal career
    - legal case
    - legal category
    - legal cause
    - legal certainty
    - legal challenge
    - legal changes
    - legal charge
    - legal check
    - legal cheque
    - legal circumstance
    - legal citation
    - legal claim
    - legal closing time
    - legal code
    - legal coercion
    - legal committee
    - legal competence
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    - legal concept
    - legal condition
    - legal confinement
    - legal conflict
    - legal conscience
    - legal consequence
    - legal consequences
    - legal consideration
    - legal construction
    - legal consultation
    - legal context
    - legal continuity
    - legal control
    - legal controversy
    - legal conviction
    - legal-correctional process
    - legal costs
    - legal councilor
    - legal councillor
    - legal counsel
    - legal counseling
    - legal counselor
    - legal counsellor
    - legal crackdown
    - legal crime
    - legal culture
    - legal currency
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    - legal custom
    - legal decision
    - legal deduction
    - legal defect
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    - legal deposit copy
    - legal deposit library
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    - legal drinking
    - legal drinking age
    - legal drinking limit
    - legal drug
    - legal duty
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    - legal eagle
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    - legal education
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    - legal enforcement
    - legal enforcement of law
    - legal enforcement procedure
    - legal entity under public law
    - legal entity
    - legal environment
    - legal equality
    - legal equality of the sexes
    - legal error
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    - legal evaluation
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    - legal expenses
    - legal expenses insurance
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    - legal gambling
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    - legal guilt
    - legal hearing
    - legal historian
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    - legal holder
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    - legal incapacity
    - legal incident
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    - legal incompetence
    - legal information
    - legal injury
    - legal innovation
    - legal innovation
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    - legal insanity
    - legal institution
    - legal instruction
    - legal instrument
    - legal intent
    - legal interest
    - legal interest rate
    - legal interpretation
    - legal investigation
    - legal investigator
    - legal irregularity
    - legal issue
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    - legal jurisdiction
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    - legal justification
    - legal killer
    - legal killing
    - legal knowledge
    - legal language
    - legal liability
    - legal lien
    - legal limit
    - legal limitation
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    - legal loophole
    - legal lynching
    - legal malice
    - legal malpractice
    - legal manufacture
    - legal marriage
    - legal matter
    - legal maxim
    - legal means
    - legal means of social control
    - legal measure
    - legal mechanism
    - legal medicine
    - legal methodology
    - legal minimum age of marriage
    - legal minimum wage rate
    - legal minimum wage rates
    - legal minor
    - legal monopoly
    - legal monument
    - legal mortgage
    - legal mother
    - legal name
    - legal nationality
    - legal negligence
    - legal nihilism
    - legal nomenclature
    - legal norm
    - legal notice
    - legal notification
    - legal notion
    - legal object
    - legal objection
    - legal objective
    - legal obligation
    - legal observation method
    - legal observer
    - legal obstruction
    - legal office
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    - legal organization
    - legal owner
    - legal parlance
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    - legal participation
    - legal perjury
    - legal permissibility
    - legal permission
    - legal person
    - legal personality
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    - legal philosopher
    - legal philosophy
    - legal picketing
    - legal platform
    - legal play
    - legal point
    - legal point of view
    - legal policy
    - legal portion
    - legal position
    - legal positivism
    - legal positivist
    - legal possession
    - legal power
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    - legal practitioner
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    - legal presumption
    - legal presumption of death
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    - legal prohibition
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    - legal propriety
    - legal prosecution
    - legal protectee
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    - legal protection of software
    - legal provision
    - legal psychiatry
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    - legal scholar
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    - legal secretary
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    - legal self-help
    - legal sense
    - legal sentence
    - legal sentencing
    - legal separation
    - legal service
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    - legal significance
    - legal source
    - legal specialist
    - legal speech
    - legal sphere
    - legal spokesman
    - legal spouse
    - legal staff
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    - legal statement
    - legal statistics
    - legal status
    - legal status of a person
    - legal step
    - legal storage period
    - legal strike
    - legal structure
    - legal studies
    - legal subbranch
    - legal sub-branch
    - legal subject
    - legal subjectivity
    - legal submission
    - legal subrogation
    - legal succession
    - legal successor
    - legal suit
    - legal system
    - legal tapping
    - legal technicality
    - legal technician
    - legal technique
    - legal techniques
    - legal tender
    - legal tender note
    - legal term
    - legal termination
    - legal termination of marriage
    - legal territory
    - legal test
    - legal text
    - legal theorist
    - legal theory
    - legal thinker
    - legal thinking
    - legal thought
    - legal title
    - legal tool
    - legal topic
    - legal tradition
    - legal training
    - legal transaction
    - legal treasury note
    - legal treatise
    - legal treatment
    - legal trial
    - legal ubiquity
    - legal uncertainty
    - legal unit
    - legal usage
    - legal vacuum
    - legal validity
    - legal venue
    - legal view
    - legal viewpoint
    - legal violence
    - legal volition
    - legal voter
    - legal waiver
    - legal wife
    - legal wiretap
    - legal wiretapping
    - legal wording
    - legal work
    - legal writer
    - legal writing
    - legal wrong
    - legal year

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > legal

  • 12 गो _gō

    गो m. f. (Nom. गौः) [गच्छत्यनेन, गम् करणे डो Tv.]
    1 Cattle, kine (pl.)
    -2 Anything coming from a cow; such as milk, flesh, leather &c.
    -3 The stars; वि रश्मिभिः ससृजे सूर्यो गाः Rv.7.36.1.
    -4 The sky.
    -5 The thunder- bolt of Indra; Ki.8.1.
    -6 A ray of light; नान्यस्तप्ता विद्यते गोषु देव Mb.1.232.11; बालो$यं गिरिशिखरेषु चारयन् गाः त्रैलोक्यं तिमिरभरेण दुष्टमेतत् (रविः नैर्मल्यं नयति) । Rām. Ch. 7.6.
    -7 A diamond.
    -8 Heaven.
    -9 An arrow. -f.
    1 A cow; जुगोप गोरूपधरामिवोर्वीम् R.2.3; क्षीरिण्यः सन्तु गावः Mk.1.6.
    -2 The earth; दुदोह गां स यज्ञाय R.1.26; गामात्तसारां रघुरप्यवेक्ष्य 5.26;11.36; Bg.15.13; सेको$- नुगृह्णातु गाम् Mu.3.2; Me.3; cf. also the quotation for (
    -6).
    -3 Speech, words; कुलानि समुपेतानि गोभिः पुरुषतो$- र्थतः Mb.5.28; रघोरुदारामपि गां निशम्य R.5.12;2.59; Ki.4.2.
    -4 The goddess of speech, Sarasvatī.
    -5 A mother.
    -6 A quarter of the compass.
    -7 Water; सायं भेजे दिशं पश्चाद्गविष्ठो गां गतस्तदा Bhāg.1.1.36; also pl.; Bhāg.11.7.5.
    -8 The eye; गोकर्णा सुमुखी कृतेन इषुणा गोपुत्रसंप्रेषिता Mb.8.9.42.
    -9 A region of the sky. -m. A bull, an ox; असंजातकिणस्कन्धः सुखं स्वपिति गौर्गडिः K. P.1; Ms.4.72; cf. चरद्गव.
    -2 The hair of the body.
    -3 An organ of sense; अदान्तगोभिर्विशतां तमिस्रं पुनः पुनश्चर्वितचर्वणानाम् Bhāg..7.5.3.
    -4 The sign Taurus of the zodiac; Bṛi. S.49.
    -5 The sun.
    -6 The number 'nine' (in math.).
    -7 The moon.
    -8 A singer.
    -9 A billion.
    -1 A cow-sacrifice
    -11 A house; cf. गौर्वज्रं गौः प्रभा भूमिर्वाणी तोयं त्रिविष्टपम् । धेनुर्बस्तो वृषो दिग्गौर्नेत्रं लज्जा गुरू रमा ॥ इन्द्रियं श्रीरुमा... Enm.
    -Comp. -कण्टकः, -कम् 1 a road or spot trodden down by oxen and thus made im- passable.
    -2 the cow's hoof.
    -3 the print of a cow's hoof.
    -कर्ण a. having cow's ears.
    (-र्णः) 1 a cow's ear; गोकर्णसदृशौ कृत्वा करावाबद्धसारणौ Ks.6.57.
    -2 a mule.
    -3 a snake; Mb.8.9.42.
    -4 a span (from the tip of the thumb to that of the ring-finger); गोकर्णशिथिल- श्चरन् Mb.2.68.75; तालः स्मृतो मध्यमया गोकर्णश्चाप्यनामया Brahmāṇḍa P.
    -5 N. of a place of pilgrimage in the south, sacred to Śiva. श्रितगोकर्णनिकेतमीश्वरम् R.8.33.
    -6 a kind of deer.
    -7 a kind of arrow; Mb.8.9.42.
    -किराटा -किराटिका the Sārikā bird.
    -किलः, -कीलः 1 a plough
    -2 a pestle.
    -कुलम् 1 a herd of kine; वृष्टिव्याकुलगोकुलावनरसादुद्धृत्य गोवर्धनम् Gīt.4; गोकुलस्य तृषा- र्तस्य Mb.
    -2 a cow-house.
    -3 N. of a village (where Kṛiṣṇa was brought up).
    -कुलिक a.
    1 one who does not help a cow in the mud.
    -2 squint-eyed.
    -कुलोद्भवा an epithet of Durgā.
    -कृतम् cow-dung.
    -क्षीरम् cow's milk.
    -क्षुरम्, -रकम् a cow's hoof.
    -खरः a beast (पशु); यत्तीर्थबुद्धिः सलिले न कर्हिचिज्जनेष्वभिज्ञेषु स एव गोखरः Bhāg.1.84.13.
    -खा a nail.
    -गृष्टिः a young cow which has had only one calf.
    -गोयुगम् a pair of oxen.
    -गोष्ठम् a cow-pen, cattle-shed.
    -ग्रन्थिः 1 dried cowdung.
    -2 a cow-house.
    -ग्रहः capture of cattle (गवालम्भ); Mb.12.265.2.
    -ग्रासः the ceremony of offering a morsel (of grass) to a cow when performing an expiatory rite.
    -घातः, -घातकः, -घातिन् m. a cow-killer.
    -घृतम् 1 rain-water.
    -2 clarified butter coming from a cow.
    -घ्न a.
    1 destructive to cows.
    -2 one who has killed a cow.
    -3 one for whom a cow is killed, a guest.
    -चन्दनम् a kind of sandal-wood.
    -चर a.
    1 grazed over by cattle.
    -2 frequenting, dwelling, resorting to, haunting पितृसद्मगोचरः Ku.5.77.
    -3 within the scope, power, or range of; अवाङ्मनसगोचरम् R.1.15; so बुद्धि˚, दृष्टि˚, श्रवण˚ स्वगोचरे दीप्ततरा बभूव Bu. Ch.1.13.
    -4 moving on earth.
    -5 accessible to, attainable; त्याग- सूक्ष्मानुगः क्षेम्यः शौचगो ध्यागोचरः Mb.12.236.12.
    -6 circulating, having a particular meaning, prevalent.
    (-रः) 1 the range of cattle, pasturage; उपारताः पश्चिम- रात्रिगोचरात् Ki.4.1.
    -2 (a) a district, department, province, sphere. (b) an abode, dwelling-place, a place of resort; Śi.1.21; Ms.1.39.
    -3 range of the organs of sense, an object of sense; श्रवणगोचरे तिष्ठ be within ear-shot; नयनगोचरं या to become visible.
    -4 scope, range, in general; हर्तुर्याति न गोचरम् Bh.2.16.
    -5 (fig.) grip, hold, power, influence, control; कः कालस्य न गोचरा- न्तरगतः Pt.1.146; गोचरीभूतमक्ष्णोः U.6.26; Māl.5.24; अपि नाम मनागवतीर्णो$सि रतिरमणबाणगोचरम् Māl.1.
    -6 horizon.
    -7 field for action, scope; इन्द्रियाणि हयानाहुर्विषयांस्तेषु गोचरान् Kaṭh.3.4.
    -8 the range of the planets from the Lagna or from each other.
    ˚पीडा in- auspicious position of stars within the ecliptic; गोचर- पीडायामपि राशिर्बलिभिः शुभग्रहैर्दृष्टः (पीडां न करोति) Bṛi.S.41.13. (गोचरीकृ to place within the range (of sight), make current).
    -चर्मन् n.
    1 a cow's hide.
    -2 a particular measure of surface thus defined by Vasiṣṭha:-- दशहस्तेन वंशेन दशवंशान् समन्ततः । पञ्च चाभ्यधिकान् दद्यादेतद्गोचर्म चोच्यते ॥ ˚वसनः an epithet of Śiva.
    -चर्या seeking food like a cow; गोचर्यां नैगमश्चरेत् Bhāg.11.18.29.
    -चारकः cowherd.
    -चरणम् the tending or feeding of cows; Bhāg.1.38.8.
    -ज a.
    1 born in the earth (rice &c.).
    -2 produced by milk; अब्जा गोजा...... Kaṭh.5.2.
    -जरः an old ox or bull; नाद्रियन्ते यथापूर्वं कीनाशा इव गोजरम् Bhāg.3.3.13.
    -जलम् the urine of a bull or cow.
    -जागरिकम् auspi- ciousness, happiness. (
    -कः) a preparer of food, baker.
    -जात a. born in the heaven (gods); गोजाता अप्या मृळता च देवाः Rv.6.5.11.
    -जिह्वा N. of a plant (Mar. पाथरी).
    -जिह्विका the uvula.
    -जीव a. living on cattle (milk- man); Hch.1.7.
    -तल्लजः an excellent bull or cow.
    -तीर्थम् a cowhouse.
    -त्रम् [गां भूमिं त्रायते त्रै-क]
    1 a cow-pen.
    -2 a stable in general.
    -3 a family, race, lineage; गोत्रेण माठरो$स्मि Sk.; so कौशिकगोत्राः, वसिष्ठगोत्राः &c.; Ms.3.19,9.141.
    -4 a name, appellation; जगाद गोत्र- स्खलिते च का न तम् N.1.3; Ś.6.5; see ˚स्खलित below; मद्गोत्राङ्कं विरचितपदं गेयमुद्गातुकामा Me.88.
    -5 a multitude.
    -6 increase.
    -7 a forest.
    -8 a field.
    -9 a road.
    -1 possessions, wealth.
    -11 an umbrella, a parasol.
    -12 knowledge of futurity.
    -13 a genus, class, species.
    -14 a caste, tribe, caste according to families. (
    -त्रः) a mountain; 'गोत्रं नाम्नि कुले$प्यद्रौ' इति यादवः; Śi.9.8. Hence गोत्रोद्दलनः means Indra; cf. इन्द्रे तु गोत्रोद्दलनः कुलघ्ने गिरिदारणे Nm.
    (-त्रा) 1 a multitude of cows.
    -2 the earth.
    ˚उच्चारः recitation of family pedigree.
    ˚कर्तृ, -कारिन् m. the founder of a family.
    ˚कीला the earth.
    ˚ज a. born in the same family, gentile, a relation; Bhāg.3.7.24; Y.2.135.
    ˚पटः a genealogical table, pedigree.
    ˚प्रवरः the oldest member or founder of a family.
    -भिद् m. an epithet of Indra; हृदि क्षतो गोत्रभिदप्यमर्षणः R.3.53;6.73; Ku.2.52.
    ˚स्खलनम्, ˚स्खलितम् blundering or mistaking in calling (one) by his name, calling by a wrong name; स्मरसि स्मर मेखलागुणैरुत गौत्रस्खलितेषु बन्धनम् Ku.4.8.
    -द a. giving cows; Ms.4.231. (
    -दः) brain. (
    -दा) N. of the river Godāvarī.
    -दत्र a. Ved. giving cows. (
    -त्रः) an epithet of Indra. (
    -त्रम्) a crown (pro- tecting the head).
    -दन्त a. armed with a coat of mail.
    (-तम्) 1 yellow orpiment.
    -2 a white fossil substance.
    -दानम् 1 the gift of a cow.
    -2 the ceremony of tonsure or cutting the hair; रामलक्ष्मणयो राजन् गोदानं कारयस्व ह Rām.1.71.23; अथास्य गोदानविधेरनन्तरम् R.3. 33; (see Mallinātha's explanation of the word); कृत- गोदानमङ्गलाः U.1; अतोनं गोदानं दारकर्म च Kau. A.1.5; (Rām. explains the word differently).
    -3 the part of the head close to the right ear.
    -दाय a. intending to give cows.
    -दारणम् 1 a plough.
    -2 a spade, hoe.
    -दा, -दावरी N. of a river in the south.
    -दुह् m.,
    -दुहः 'cow-milker', a cowherd; सुदुघामिव गोदुहे R.1.4.1; चिरं निदध्यौ दुहतः स गोदुहः Śi.
    -दोहः 1 the milking of cows.
    -2 the milk of cows.
    -3 the time of milking cows.
    -दोहनम् 1 the time of milking cows.
    -2 the milking of cows; न लक्ष्यते ह्यवस्थानमपि गोदोहनं क्वचित् Bhāg.1.19. 4.
    -दोहनी a milk-pail.
    -द्रवः the urine of a bull or cow.
    -धनम् 1 a herd or multitude of cows, cattle.
    -2 possession of cows. (
    -नः) a broad-pointed arrow.
    -धरः a mountain.
    -धर्मः the law of cattle, rules relating to cattle; (open and unconcealed intercourse of the sexes); गोधर्मं सौरभेयाच्च सो$धीत्य निखिलं मुनिः । प्रावर्तत तदा कर्तुं श्रद्धावांस्तमशङ्कया ॥ Mb.1.14.26.
    -धुमः, -धूमः 1 wheat; Bṛi. Up.6.3.13.
    -2 the orange. ˚चूर्णम् wheat flour;
    -सम्भवम् a sour paste.
    -धूलिः 'dust of the cows', the time of sunset or evening twilight (so called be- cause cows, which generally return home at about sunset, raise up clouds of dust by their treading on the earth).
    -धेनुः a milch-cow with a calf.
    -भ्रः a mountain.
    -नन्दा an epithet of the wife of Śiva.
    -नन्दी the female of the Sārasa bird.
    -नर्दः 1 the (Indian) crane.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva (bellowing like a bull).
    -3 N. of a country.
    -नर्दीयः an epithet of Patañjali, author of the Mahābhāṣya.
    -नसः, -नासः 1 a kind of snake.
    -2 a kind of gem.
    -नसा the mouth of a cow.
    -नाथः 1 a bull.
    -2 an owner of land.
    -3 a herdsman.
    -4 an owner of kine.
    -नायः a cowherd; तद्यथा गोनायो$श्वनायः पुरुषनाय इत्येवं तदप आचक्षते$शनायेति Ch. Up.6.8.3.
    -नाशनः a wolf.
    -नासा the projecting snout of a cow or ox.
    -नासम् a kind of gem.
    -निष्यन्दः cow's urine.
    -पः 1 a cowherd (considered as belonging to a mixed tribe); गोपवेशस्य विष्णोः Me.15.
    -2 the chief of a cowpen.
    -3 the superintendent of a village.
    -4 a king.
    -5 a protector, guardian; Rv.1.61.1.
    ˚अनसी the wood of a thatch; गोपानसीषु क्षणमास्थितानाम् Śi.3.49.
    ˚अष्टमी the eighth day of the bright fortnight of Kārttika when Kṛiṣṇa is said to have worn the dress of a cowherd.
    ˚आटविका a cowherd.
    ˚कन्या 1 the daughter of a cowherd.
    -2 a nymph of Vṛindāvana.
    ˚अध्यक्षः, ˚इन्द्रः, ˚ईशः the chief of herdsmen, an epithet of Kṛiṣṇa.
    ˚चापः the rainbow.
    ˚दलः the betel-nut tree.
    ˚भद्रम् the fibrous root of a water-lily.
    ˚रसः gum myrrh.
    ˚राष्ट्राः (pl.) N. of a people. ˚वधूः f. a cowherd's wife; Bhāg.1.9.4. ˚वधूटी a young cowherdess, a young wife of a cowherd; गोपवधूटीदुकूलचौराय Bhāṣā P.1.
    (-पकः) 1 the superin- tendent of a district.
    -2 myrrh.
    (-पिका) 1 a cowher- dess; Bhāg.1.9.14-15.
    -2 protectress. (
    -पी) a cowherd's wife (especially applied to the cowherdesses of Vṛindāvana, the companions of Kṛiṣṇa in his juvenile sports).
    -2 a milk-maid.
    -3 a protectress.
    -4 Nature, elementary nature.
    -पतिः 1 an owner of cows.
    -2 a bull.
    -3 a leader, chief.
    -4 the sun; नीहारमिव गोपतिः Bhāg.1.12.1; Mb.1.173.32.
    -5 Indra; सुराङ्गना गोपतिचापगोपुरं पुरम् (जहुः) Ki.8.1.
    -6 N. of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -7 N. of Śiva.
    -8 N. of Varuṇa; एष पुत्रो महाप्रज्ञो वरुणस्येह गोपतेः Mb.5.98.11.
    -9 a king; नासतो विद्यते राजन् स ह्यरण्येषु गोपतिः Mb.12.135.26.
    -पथः N. of a Brāhmaṇa of Av.
    -पर्वतम् the name of the place where Pāṇini is said to have performed penance and propitiated Śiva; गोपर्वतमिति स्थानं शम्भोः प्रख्यापितं मया । यत्र पाणिनिना लेभे वैयाकरणिकाग्ऱ्यता ॥ अरुणाचलमाहात्म्यम्- उत्तरार्धः 2 अ. 68 श्लो.
    -पशुः a sacrificial cow.
    -पाः m. Ved.
    1 a herdsman.
    -2 protector, or guardian; मन्द्राग्रे- त्वरी भुवनस्य गोपा Av.2.1.57.
    -पानसी a curved beam which supports a thatch; गोपानसी तु वलभिच्छादने वक्रदारुणि Ak.2.2.15.
    -पालः 1 a cowherd; Ms.4.253.
    -2 a king.
    -3 an epithet of Śiva.
    -4 an epithet of Kṛ&iṣṇa. ˚धानी a cow-pen, cow-shed.
    -पालकः 1 a cowherd.
    -2 a king.
    -3 an epithet of Śiva; also of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -पालिः an epithet of Śiva.
    -पालिका, -पाली the wife of a cowherd; पार्थः प्रस्थापयामास कृत्वा गोपालिकावपुः Mb.1.221.19.
    -पालितः N. of a lexicographer.
    -पित्तम् bile of cows, ox-bile (from which the yellow pigment गोरोचना is prepared; गोपित्ततो रोचना Pt.1.94.).
    -पीतः a species of wagtail.
    -पीथः protection; अस्माकमृषीणां गोपीथे न उरुष्यतम् Rv.5.65.6. (
    -थम्) a holy place, a place of pilgrimage.
    -पुच्छम् a cow's tail.
    -2 a particular point of an arrow.
    (-च्छः) 1 a sort of monkey; Bhāg.8.2.22.
    -2 a sort of necklace consisting of two or four or thirty-four strings.
    -3 a kind of drum.
    -पुटिकम् the head of Śiva's bull.
    -पुत्रः 1 a young bull.
    -2 an epithet of Karṇa.
    -पुरम् 1 a town-gate; उत्तुङ्गसौधसुरमन्दिरगोपुरम् Māl.9.1.
    -2 a principal gate; दधतमुच्चशिलान्तरगोपुराः Ki.5.5.
    -3 the ornamental gate- way of a temple.
    -पुरीषम् cowdung.
    -प्रकाण्डम् an ex- cellent cow or bull.
    -प्रचारः pasture-ground, pasturage for cattle; ग्राम्येच्छया गोप्रचारो भूमी राजवशेन वा Y.2.166.
    -प्रत (ता) रः 1 a ford for cattle.
    -2 a place of pilgrimage on the Śarayū; यद्गोप्रतरकल्पो$भूत्संमर्दस्तत्र मज्जताम् । अतस्तदाख्यया तीर्थं पावनं भुवि पप्रथे ॥ R.15.11.
    -प्रदानम् same as गोदान.
    -प्रवेशः the time when cows return home, sunset or evening-twilight; गोप्रवेशसमये Bṛi. S.24.35.
    -फणा 1 a bandage hollowed out so as to fit the chin or nose &c.
    -2 a sling.
    -बालः the hair of cows.
    -भुज् m. a king; गोभुजां वल्लभा लक्ष्मीः Rāj. T.5.6.
    -भृत् m.
    1 a mountain.
    -2 a king.
    -मक्षिका a gadfly.
    -मघ a. granting cattle or cows कदा गोमघा हवनानि गच्छाः Rv.6.35.3.
    -मंडलम् 1 the globe.
    -2 a multitude of cows.
    -मण़्डीरः a kind of an aquatic bird; L. D. B.
    -मतम् = गव्यूति q. v.
    -मतल्लिका a tract- able cow, an excellent cow; अरिर्मधोरैक्षत गोमतल्लिकाम् Śi.12.41.
    -मथः a cowherd.
    -मध्यमध्य a. slender in the waist.
    -महिषदा N. of one of the Mātṛis attending on कार्तिकेय.
    -मांसम् beef.
    -मायु 1 a kind of frog.
    -2 a jackal; अनुहंकुरुते घनध्वनिं न हि गोमायुरुतानि केसरी Śi.16. 25.
    -3 bile of a cow.
    -4 N. of a Gandharva.
    -मीनः a kind of fish.
    -मुखः, -मुखम् [गोर्मुखमिव मुखमस्य] a kind of musical instrument; Bg.1.13; गोमुखानां च शृङ्गाणाम- नीकद्वयवर्तिनाम् Śiva. B.24.55.
    (-खः) 1 a crocodile, shark.
    -2 a hole of a particular shape in a wall made by thieves.
    (-खम्) 1 a house built unevenly.
    -2 spreading unguents, smearing; 'गोमुखं कुटिलाकारे वाद्यभाण्डे विलेपने' इति विश्वः; यस्यामलिन्देषु न चक्रुरेव मुग्धाङ्गना गोमयगो- मुखानि Śi.3.48. (
    -खम्, -खी) a cloth-bag of the shape of a gnomon containing a rosary, the beads of which are counted by the hand thrust inside.
    -2 a house built unevenly.
    -3 a particular method of sitting (a योगासन) (
    -खी) the chasm in the Himālaya mountains through which the Ganges flows.
    -मूढ a. stupid as a bull.
    -मूत्रम् cow's urine.
    -मूत्रकः a variety of lapis lazuli (बैदूर्य); Kau. A.2.11.
    -कम् a particular attitude (मण्डल) in गदायुद्ध; दक्षिणं मण्डलं सव्यं गोमूत्रकमथापि च । व्यचर- त्पाण्डवो राजन्नरिं संमोहयन्निव ॥ Mb.9.58.23. -a. zigzagging, going unevenly.
    -मूत्रिका 1 an artificial verse, the second of which repeats nearly all the syllables of the first. (Malli. thus defines it:-- वर्णानामेकरूपत्वं यद्येकान्तरमर्धयोः गोमूत्रिकेति तत्प्राहुर्दुष्करं तद्विदो विदुः ॥ see Śi.19.46.)
    -2 a form of calculation.
    -मृगः a kind of ox (गवय).
    -मेदः a gem brought from the Himālaya and Indus, des- cribed as of four different colours:-- white, pale-yellow, red, and dark-blue.
    -मेदकः 1 see गोमेद.
    -2 a kind of poison (काकोल).
    -3 smearing the body with unguents.
    -मेधः, -यज्ञः a cow-sacrifice; Rām.7.25.8.
    -यानम्, -रथः a carriage drawn by oxen; Rām.2.82.26; Ms. 11.174.
    -युक्त a. drawn by oxen.
    -युतम् 1 a cattle station.
    -2 a measure of two Krośas (गव्यूत); गोयुते गोयुते चैव न्यवसत्पुरुषर्षभः Mb.14.65.22.
    -रक्षः 1 a cow- herd.
    -2 keeping or tending cattle.
    -3 the orange.
    -4 an epithet of Śiva. ˚जम्बू f. wheat.
    -रक्षणम् tending cattle (with religious faith).
    -रङ्कुः 1 a water-fowl
    -2 a prisoner.
    -3 a naked man, a mendicant wandering about without clothes.
    -4 a chanter.
    -रवम् saffron.
    -रसः cow's milk.
    -2 curds.
    -3 buttermilk.
    -4 the flavour of a sentence; को रसो गोरसं विना Udb. ˚जम् buttermilk.
    -राजः an excellent bull.
    -राटिका, -राटी the Sārikā bird.
    -रुतम् a measure of dis- tance equal to two Krośas.
    -रूपम् the form of a cow. (
    -पः) N. of Śiva.
    -रोचम् yellow orpiment.
    -रोचना a bright yellow pigment prepared from the urine or bile of a cow, or found in the head of a cow.
    -लवणम् a measure of salt given to a cow.
    -लाङ्गु- (गू) लः a kind of monkey with a dark body, red cheeks and a tail like that of a cow; गोलाङ्गूलः कपोलं छुरयति रजसा कौसुमेन प्रियायाः Māl.9.3.
    -लोकः a part of heaven, cow-world.
    -लोभिका, -लोभी 1 a prostitute.
    -2 white Dūrvā grass.
    -3 Zedoary.
    -4 N. of a shrub.
    -वत्सः a calf. ˚आदिन m. a wolf.
    -वधः the killing of a cow; Ms.11.59.
    -वर्धनः a celebrated hill in वृन्दावन the country about Mathurā. ('This hill was lifted up and supported by Kṛiṣṇa upon one finger for seven days to shelter the cowherds from a storm of rain sent by Indra to test Kṛiṣṇa's divinity.') ˚धरः, ˚धरिन् m. an epithet of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -वरम् pounded cowdung.
    -वशा a barren cow.
    -वाटम्, -वासः a cow-pen.
    -वासन a. covered with an ox-hide.
    -विकर्तः, -विकर्तृ m.
    1 the killer of a cow; Mb.4.2.9.
    -2 a hus- bandman.
    -विततः a horse-sacrifice having many cows.
    -विन्दः 1 a cowkeeper, a chief herdsman.
    -2 N. of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -3 Bṛihaspati. ˚द्वादशी the twelfth day in the light half of the month of फाल्गुन
    -विष् f.,
    -विष्ठा cowdung.
    -विषाणिकः a kind of musical instrument; Mb.6.44.4.
    -विसर्गः day-break (when cows are let loose to graze in forests); Rām.7.111.9.
    -वीथिः f. N. of that portion of the moon's path which contains the asterisms भाद्रपदा, रेवती and अश्विनी, or according to some, हस्त, चित्रा and स्वाती Bṛi. S.9.2.
    -वीर्यम् the price received for milk.
    -वृन्दम् a drove of cattle.
    -वृन्दारकः an excellent bull or cow.
    -वृषः, -वृषभः an excellent bull; न तां शेकुर्नृपा वोढुमजित्वा सप्त गोवृषान् Bhāg 1.58.33. ˚ध्वजः an epithet of Śiva.
    -वैद्यः a quack docter.
    -व्रजः 1 a cow-pen.
    -2 a herd of cows.
    -3 a place where cattle graze.
    -व्रत, -व्रतिन् a. one who imitates a cow in fru- gality;...अत्र गोव्रतिनो विप्राः... ॥ यत्रपत्रशयो नित्यं येन केन- चिदाशितः । येन केनचिदाच्छन्नः स गोव्रत इहोच्यते ॥ Mb.5.99. 13-14.
    -शकृत् n. cowdung; Ms.2.182.
    -शतम् a present of a hundred cows to a Brāhmaṇa.
    -शालम्, -ला a cow-stall.
    -शीर्षः, -र्षम् a kind of sandal; Kau. A.2.11.
    -2 a kind of weapon (arrow ?); Mb.7.178. 23.
    -षड्गवम् three pairs of kine.
    -षन्, -षा a. Ved. acquiring or bestowing cows.
    -षा (सा) तिः 1 acquiring cattle; or fighting for cattle. गोषाता यस्य ते गिरः Rv.8.84.7.
    -2 giving cattle.
    -ष्टोमः a kind of sacri- fice fasting for one day.
    -संख्यः a cowherd.
    -सदृक्षः a species of ox (गवय).
    -सर्गः the time at which cows are usually let loose, day-break; see गोविसर्ग.
    -सवः a kind of cow-sacrifice (not performed in the Kali age); Mb.3.3.17.
    -सहस्रम् a kind of present (महादान). (
    -स्त्री) N. of two holidays on the fifteenth day of the dark half of कार्तिक and ज्येष्ठ.
    -सावित्री N. of a hymn (cf. गायत्री).
    -सूत्रिका a rope fastened at both ends having separate halters for each ox or cow.
    -स्तनः 1 the udder of a cow.
    -2 a cluster of blossoms, nosegay &c.
    -3 a pearl-necklace of four strings.
    -4 a kind of fort.
    -स्तना, -नी a bunch of grapes.
    -स्थानम्, -क्रम् a cow-pen.
    -स्वामिन् m.
    1 an owner of cows.
    -2 a religious mendicant.
    -3 an honorary title affixed to proper names; (e. g. वोपदेवगोस्वामिन्).
    -हत्या cow-slaughter.
    -हल्लम् (sometimes written हन्नम्) cow-dung.
    -हरः, -हरणम् stealing of cows; गोष्ठमुत्किरति गोहरं वदेत् Bṛi. S.89.9. (v. l.)
    -हित a. cherishing or protecting kine. (
    -तः) N. of Viṣṇu.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > गो _gō

  • 13 regiō

        regiō ōnis, f    [REG-], a direction, line: de rectā regione deflectere, from the direct path: ab planitie rectā regione abesse, in a straight line, Cs.: non rectā regione iter instituit, sed ad laevam flexit, L.: notā excedo regione viarum, i. e. the frequented streets, V.: Nec sidus regione viae fefellit, direction, V.: superare regionem castrorum, line, Cs.: haec eadem est nostrae rationis regio et via, I follow the same direction and path.—In the phrase, e regione, in a straight line, directly: e regione moveri: ferri, petere.— In the opposite direction, over against, exactly opposite: (luna) cum est e regione solis: e regione turris: e regione castris castra ponere, Cs.— A line of sight, visual line, boundary-line, boundary, limit: quae regione orbem terrarum definiunt: caeli regionibus terminare: si res eae orbis terrae regionibus definiuntur.—Esp., in augury: nempe eo (lituo) Romulus regiones direxit, drew (in the air): lituus quo regiones vineae terminavit.—Fig.: quibus regionibus vitae spatium circumscriptum est: vix facile sese regionibus offici continere.—Of the sky, a quarter, region: regio (lunae mutatur), quae tum est aquilonia tum australis: Atque eadem regio Vesper et Ortus erit, O.: Vespertina, H.: caeli serena, V.: occidentis, L.— A region, neighborhood, quarter, situation: eam esse naturam et regionem provinciae tuae, ut, etc., i. e. the geographical situation: agri fertilissima, Cs.: regione castrorum, in the vicinity of the camp, L.: deserta siti regio, V.: acie regione instructā non apertissimā, N.: Quor in his te conspicor regionibus? T.— A portion of country, territory, province, district, region: regio, quae ad Aduaticos adiacet, Cs.: regio, quae mari cincta esset: Pedana, H.: Cantium, quae regio est maritima omnis, Cs.: terrae maximae regiones inhabitabiles: in quattuor regiones dividi Macedoniam, L.: ut quam latissimas regiones praesidiis teneret, Cs.— A district with its people, country, nation: aspera et fidelis et fautrix suorum: quae regio si fida Samnitibus esset, L.—Fig., a province, department, sphere: ‘benedicere’ non habet definitam aliquam regionem, has no determinate province.
    * * *
    area, region; neighborhood; district, country; direction

    Latin-English dictionary > regiō

  • 14 क्षेत्र


    kshétra
    n. (2. kshi) landed property, land, soil ( kshétrasyapáti,

    « lord of the soil»
    N. of a kind of tutelary deity RV. AV. II, 8, 5 ;
    alsoﾠ kshétrasyapátnī, « mistress of the soil», andﾠ kshétrāṇāmpáti, « the lord of the soil»
    N. of tutelary deities AV. II, 12, 1 VS. XVI, 18);
    « soil of merit», a Buddha orﾠ any holy person Divyâ̱v. ;
    a field (e.g.. - traṉ-kṛi, « to cultivate a field» Mn. Yājñ. II, 158 ;
    cf. sasya-ksh-) RV. etc.;
    place, region, country RV. AV. III, 28, 3 TS. VII Suṡr. Megh. Vet. ;
    a house L. ;
    a town L. ;
    department, sphere of action MBh. XIV, 126 R. etc.. ;
    place of origin, place where anything is found Yogas. II, 4 Suṡr. BhP. VIII, 12, 33 ;
    a sacred spot orﾠ district, place of pilgrimage (as Benares etc.;
    often ifc.) BrahmaP. ;
    an enclosed plot of ground, portion of space, superficies (e.g.. sv-alpa-ksh-, of a small circuit Yājñ. II, 156);
    (in geom.) a plane figure (as a triangle, circle, etc.) enclosed by lines, any figure considered as having geometrical dimensions Gol.;
    a diagram W. ;
    a planetary orbit Gaṇit. ;
    a zodiacal sign Sūryas. ;
    an astrological mansion VarBṛS. VarBṛ. I, XI ;
    (in chiromancy) certain portions marked out on the palm VarBṛS. LXVIII, 1 ;
    « fertile soil», the fertile womb, wife Mn. Yājñ. II, 127 MBh. R. Ṡak. BhP. ;
    the body (considered as the field of the indwelling soul) Yājñ. III, 178 Bhag. XIII, 1 and 2 Kum. VI, 77 ;
    (in Sāṃkhya phil.) = a-vyakta (q.v.) Tattvas. ;
    (ī́) f. only dat. - triyaí for -triyā́t (AV. II, 10, 1) TBr. II, 5, 6, 1 ;
    <cf. á-ksh-, anya- andﾠ kuru-kshetrá, karma-ksh-, deva-ksh-, dharma-ksh-, raṇa-ksh-, siddha-ksh-, su-ksh-, surêṡvarī-ksh-;
    + cf. alsoﾠ Goth. haithi,
    Them. haithjo;
    Germ. ḥeide
    - क्षेत्रकर
    - क्षेत्रकर्कटी
    - क्षेत्रकर्मन्
    - क्षेत्रकर्षक
    - क्षेत्रगणित
    - क्षेत्रगत
    - क्षेत्रचिर्भिटा
    - क्षेत्रज
    - क्षेत्रजात
    - क्षेत्रजेष
    - क्षेत्रज्ञ
    - क्षेत्रंजय
    - क्षेत्रतत्त्व
    - क्षेत्रतर
    - क्षेत्रता
    - क्षेत्रद
    - क्षेत्रदूतिका
    - क्षेत्रदूती
    - क्षेत्रदेवता
    - क्षेत्रधर्मन्
    - क्षेत्रप
    - क्षेत्रपति
    - क्षेत्रपद
    - क्षेत्रपर्पट
    - क्षेत्रपाल
    - क्षेत्रफल
    - क्षेत्रभक्ति
    - क्षेत्रभूमि
    - क्षेत्रयमानिका
    - क्षेत्ररक्ष
    - क्षेत्रराशि
    - क्षेत्ररुहा
    - क्षेत्रलिप्ता
    - क्षेत्रवसुधा
    - क्षेत्रविद्
    - क्षेत्रव्यवहार
    - क्षेत्रसंहिता
    - क्षेत्रसमास
    - क्षेत्रसम्भव
    - क्षेत्रसम्भूत
    - क्षेत्रसाति
    - क्षेत्रसाधस्
    - क्षेत्रसीमा
    - क्षेत्रस्थ
    - क्षेत्रांश
    - क्षेत्राजीव
    - क्षेत्राधिदेवता
    - क्षेत्राधिप
    - क्षेत्रामलकी
    - क्षेत्रासा
    - क्षेत्रेक्षु
    - क्षेत्रोपेक्ष

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > क्षेत्र

  • 15 राहु


    rāhú
    m. (fr. rabh;

    cf. graha andﾠ grah) « the Seizer»
    N. of a Daitya orﾠ demon who is supposed to seize the sun andﾠ moon andﾠ thus cause eclipses (he is fabled as a son of Vipra-citti andﾠ Siṇhikā andﾠ as having a dragon's tail;
    when the gods had churned the ocean for the Amṛita orﾠ nectar of immortality, he disguised himself like one of them andﾠ drank a portion;
    but the Sun andﾠ Moon revealed the fraud to Vishṇu, who cut off Rāhu's head, which thereupon became fixed in the stellar sphere, andﾠ having become immortal through drinking the Amṛita, has ever since wreaked its vengeance on the Sun andﾠ Moon by occasionally swallowing them;
    while at the same time the tail of the demon became Ketu <q.v.> andﾠ gave birth to a numerous progeny of comets andﾠ fiery meteors;
    in astron. Rāhu is variously regarded as a dragon's head, as the ascending node of the moon < orﾠ point where the moon intersects the ecliptic in passing northwards>, as one of the planets <cf. graha>, andﾠ as the regent of the south-west quarter < Laghuj. >;
    among Buddhists many demons are called Rāhu) AV. etc. etc.;
    an eclipse orﾠ (rather) the moment of the beginning of an occultation orﾠ obscuration VarBṛS. ;
    - राहुकन्य
    - राहुकालावली
    - राहुकेतु
    - राहुगत
    - राहुगम्य
    - राहुग्रसन
    - राहुग्रस्त
    - राहुग्रह
    - राहुग्रहण
    - राहुग्रास
    - राहुग्राह
    - राहुचर
    - राहुच्छत्त्र
    - राहुदर्शन
    - राहुपर्वन्
    - राहुपीडा
    - राहुपूजा
    - राहुभेदिन्
    - राहुमुख
    - राहुमूर्धभिद्
    - राहुमूर्धहर
    - राहुरत्न
    - राहुशत्रु
    - राहुसंस्पर्श
    - राहुसुत
    - राहुसूक्त
    - राहुसूतक

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > राहु

  • 16 campo

    "field;
    Bereich;
    Feld;
    campo"
    * * *
    m field
    campo giochi playground
    campo di golf golf course
    campo di calcio football or soccer pitch
    campo di concentramento concentration camp
    campo da tennis tennis court
    campo di ricerche area of research
    campo sportivo sports ground
    campo profughi refugee camp
    * * *
    campo s.m.
    1 field: campo di grano, cornfield; campo arato, ploughed field (o field that has been ploughed); campo seminato, sown (o sowed) field; campi e prati, fields and meadows; campo di neve, snowfield
    2 (mil.) field; ( accampamento) camp: campo di battaglia, battlefield; aiutante di campo, aide-de-camp; artiglieria da campo, field artillery; lettino da campo, camp bed; ospedale da campo, field hospital; fu decorato di medaglia sul campo, he was awarded a medal on the field; morì sul campo, he died in battle (o in action); essere al campo, to camp; levare il campo, to break camp // in campo aperto, in the open (field) // prendere campo, to take on (o to spread) // scendere in campo, to enter the field (o to come into action); mettere in campo, ( schierare) to put into the field; (fig.) ( accampare) to put forward: mettere in campo delle scuse, to put forward excuses // rimanere padrone del campo, to be in possession of the field; (fig.) to be master of the situation // avere il campo libero, to have a free hand // dare, avere campo di fare qlco., (non com.) to give s.o., to have the scope to do sthg. // campo profughi, refugee camp
    3 (aer.) airfield: campo d'atterraggio, landing field; campo di fortuna, emergency landing field
    4 (sport) field, pitch: campo di calcio, football field (o pitch); campo delle corse, racecourse (o racetrack); campo di gioco, playground; campo di golf, golf course (o links); campo sportivo, sports (o athletics) ground; campo di tennis, tennis court; campi di sci, ski-runs (o ski slopes)
    5 (scient.) field: campo aurifero, gold field; campo petrolifero, oilfield // (fis.): campo angolare, angle of view; campo visivo, field of vision; campo elettrico, electric field; campo elettrostatico, electrostatic field; campo magnetico, magnetic field; campo rotante, rotating field; campo gravitazionale, gravity field // (rad.) campo d'onda, wave band // non c'è campo, ( al cellulare), there's no line // (mat.): campo vettoriale, vector field; campo dei numeri reali, razionali, field of real numbers (o real field), field of rational numbers (o rational field)
    6 (fig.) (sfera di attività, di conoscenza) field, sphere, sector: è un'autorità nel suo campo, he is an authority in his own field; il campo dell'elettronica, the electronics field; il campo dell'economia, the field of economics; campo di attività di un'impresa, a firm's range of activities; ciò non rientra nel mio campo d'affari, that's not my line of business // ricerca sul campo, research in the field (o sector)
    7 (inform.) field: campo di controllo, di stampa, control, printing field; campo dei dati, data field; campo di variabilità, range; campo di indirizzo, address part; portion; address field ( di un'istruzione)
    8 (arald.) field: un leone rampante di nero in campo d'argento, argent a lion rampant sable
    9 (pitt.) background.
    * * *
    ['kampo]
    1. sm
    1) (gen) Agr, Fis field

    la vita dei campi — life in the country, country life

    a tutto campo Sport — attacking and defending, fig, (colloqui, inchiesta) open-ended

    2) (di calcio) field, pitch, (da golf) course, (da tennis) court, (da cricket) pitch

    campo ostacoli Equitazione — jumping arena

    3) Mil field, battlefield, (accampamento) camp

    scendere in campo (anche) fig — to enter the field, join the fray

    4) (pittura) background, Araldica field
    2.
    * * *
    ['kampo]
    sostantivo maschile

    campo di grano — wheat field, cornfield BE

    2) (accampamento) camp (anche mil.)

    levare il campo — to break o strike camp

    3) mil. (luogo di operazioni) field
    5) sport (terreno di gioco) ground; (da calcio, rugby) pitch, field; (da tennis, pallacanestro) court; (da golf) (golf) course

    scendere in campo — to take to the field; fig. pol. to enter the lists

    avere campo libero — fig. to have a free hand

    lasciare il campo libero a qcn. — fig. to give sb. a clear run

    6) (ambito) field, area, domain

    campo di ricerca — research field, field of research

    7) cinem. telev.

    fuori campo — [ personaggio] off-screen

    voce fuori campo — voice-over, off-screen voice

    8) fis. mat. inform. field
    •
    * * *
    campo
    /'kampo/
    sostantivo m.
     1 (terreno coltivabile) field; campo di grano wheat field, cornfield BE; fiori di campo wild flowers
     2 (accampamento) camp (anche mil.); levare il campo to break o strike camp
     3 mil. (luogo di operazioni) field; ospedale da campo field hospital; letto da campo camp bed; tenere il campo to hold the field; cadere sul campo to die in the field
     5 sport (terreno di gioco) ground; (da calcio, rugby) pitch, field; (da tennis, pallacanestro) court; (da golf) (golf) course; cambiare campo to change ends; abbandonare il campo to abandon the match; scendere in campo to take to the field; fig. pol. to enter the lists; avere campo libero fig. to have a free hand; lasciare il campo libero a qcn. fig. to give sb. a clear run
     6 (ambito) field, area, domain; campo di ricerca research field, field of research; lavora nel campo delle assicurazioni he is in the insurance business; questo non è il mio campo that's not my field
     7 cinem. telev. fuori campo [ personaggio] off-screen; voce fuori campo voice-over, off-screen voice
     8 fis. mat. inform. field
    campo d'aviazione airfield; campo base base camp (anche fig.); campo di battaglia battlefield (anche fig.); campo di concentramento concentration camp; campo di forza field of force; campo gravitazionale gravitational field; campo di lavoro labour camp; campo magnetico magnetic field; campo minato minefield (anche fig.); campo petrolifero oil field; campo profughi refugee camp; campo sportivo sports ground o field; campo di sterminio death camp; campo di tiro field of fire; campo visivo visual field; campo di volo airfield.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > campo

  • 17 reach

    1.
    [riːtʃ]transitive verb
    1) (arrive at) erreichen; ankommen od. eintreffen in (+ Dat.) [Stadt, Land]; erzielen [Übereinstimmung, Übereinkunft]; kommen zu [Entscheidung, Entschluss; Ausgang, Eingang]

    be easily reached — leicht erreichbar od. zu erreichen sein (by mit)

    have you reached page 45 yet? — bist du schon auf Seite 45 [angelangt]?

    you can reach her at this number/by radio — du kannst sie unter dieser Nummer/über Funk erreichen

    2) (extend to) [Straße:] führen bis zu; [Leiter, Haar:] reichen bis zu
    3) (pass)

    reach me that book — reich mir das Buch herüber

    2. intransitive verb
    1) (stretch out hand)
    2) (be long/tall enough)

    something will/won't reach — etwas ist/ist nicht lang genug

    he can't reach up to the top shelf — er kann das oberste Regal nicht [mit der Hand] erreichen

    will it reach as far as...? — wird es bis zu... reichen?

    can you reach? — kannst od. kommst du dran? (ugs.)

    3) (go as far as) [Wasser, Gebäude, Besitz:] reichen ([up] to bis [hinauf] zu)
    3. noun
    1) (extent of reaching) Reichweite, die

    be within easy reach — [Ort:] leicht erreichbar sein

    be out of reach — [Ort:] nicht erreichbar sein; [Gegenstand:] außer Reichweite sein

    keep something within easy reach — etwas in greifbarer Nähe aufbewahren

    be within/beyond the reach of somebody — in/außer jmds. Reichweite sein; (fig.) für jemanden im/nicht im Bereich des Möglichen liegen; (financially) für jemanden erschwinglich/unerschwinglich sein

    2) (expanse) Abschnitt, der
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/90747/reach_down">reach down
    * * *
    [ri: ] 1. verb
    1) (to arrive at (a place, age etc): We'll never reach London before dark; Money is not important when you reach my age; The noise reached our ears; Has the total reached a thousand dollars yet?; Have they reached an agreement yet?)
    2) (to (be able to) touch or get hold of (something): My keys have fallen down this hole and I can't reach them.) erreichen
    3) (to stretch out one's hand in order to touch or get hold of something: He reached (across the table) for another cake; She reached out and took the book; He reached across/over and slapped her.) greifen
    4) (to make contact with; to communicate with: If anything happens you can always reach me by phone.) erreichen
    5) (to stretch or extend: My property reaches from here to the river.) reichen
    2. noun
    1) (the distance that can be travelled easily: My house is within (easy) reach (of London).) die Reichweite
    2) (the distance one can stretch one's arm: I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children's reach; My keys are down that hole, just out of reach (of my fingers); The boxer has a very long reach.) die Reichweite
    3) ((usually in plural) a straight part of a river, canal etc: the lower reaches of the Thames.) die Flußstrecke
    * * *
    [ri:tʃ]
    I. n
    <pl -es>
    1. no pl (arm length) Reichweite f
    to have a long/short \reach lange/kurze Arme pl haben
    out of/within \reach außer/in Reichweite
    to be out of [or beyond] /within [or in] sb's \reach sich akk nicht/sich akk in jds Reichweite befinden
    the apples were on a branch just out of/within [my] \reach die Äpfel hingen an einem Ast, an den ich nicht herankam/ich gerade noch [heran]kam
    to be within arm's [or easy] \reach in greifbarer Nähe sein
    to keep sth out of/within \reach etw außer Reichweite/parat haben
    I like to keep a notebook and pencil within [arm's] \reach ich habe immer etwas zum Schreiben parat
    keep out of \reach of children für Kinder unzugänglich aufbewahren!
    to be within [easy] \reach [ganz] in der Nähe sein
    3. no pl (power) Reichweite f
    4. no pl TV, RADIO [Sende]bereich m
    5.
    ▪ \reaches pl (part) Abschnitt m; (land) Gebiet nt; (river) [Fluss]abschnitt m; ( fig: circles) Kreise pl
    the higher \reaches of government die oberen Regierungskreise
    the farthest [or outermost] \reaches of the universe die entlegensten Bereiche des Universums
    6. no pl (stretch)
    to make a \reach for sb/sth nach jdm/etw greifen; ( fig)
    it takes quite a \reach of the imagination to... es bedarf schon einer gehörigen Portion Vorstellungskraft, um...
    7.
    ▶ to be out of [or beyond] /within [or in] sb's \reach (capability) nicht im Rahmen/im Rahmen des Möglichen liegen; (financially) jds finanzielle Möglichkeiten übersteigen/für jdn erschwinglich sein
    after years of saving the car was at last within her \reach nach jahrelangem Sparen konnte sie sich endlich das Auto leisten
    ▶ to be beyond sb's \reach (intellectually) über jds Horizont gehen
    ▶ to come within \reach of doing sth kurz davor sein, etw zu tun
    II. vi
    1. (stretch) langen fam, greifen
    she \reached to the top shelf of the cupboard and produced a present sie langte in das oberste Schrankfach und holte ein Geschenk hervor fam
    ▪ to \reach across/into/through sth über/in/durch etw akk langen fam
    ▪ to \reach for sth nach etw dat greifen [o fam langen]
    ▪ to \reach over sth über etw akk [hinüber]greifen [o fam hinüberlangen
    2. (touch) herankommen, [d]rankommen fam, heranreichen
    can you get the book? I can't \reach kannst du mir das Buch geben? ich komme nicht [d]ran fam
    3. (extend) reichen
    ▪ to \reach to [or as far as] sth bis zu etw dat reichen
    the snow \reached almost to my knees der Schnee ging [o reichte] mir fast bis zu den Knien
    4.
    ▶ \reach for the sky [or skies]! AM ( dated sl) Hände hoch!
    ▶ to \reach for the stars nach den Sternen greifen
    III. vt
    to \reach sb/sth jdn/etw erreichen
    how long will it take this letter to \reach Italy? wie lange braucht dieser Brief bis nach Italien?
    the news has only just \reached me ich habe die Nachricht gerade erst erhalten
    I \reached chapter five ich bin bis Kapitel fünf gekommen
    to \reach one's destination an seinem Bestimmungsort ankommen
    to \reach sb's ears sound an jds Ohren dringen; information jdm zu Ohren kommen
    to be easily \reached leicht zu erreichen sein
    to \reach the finishing line [or the tape] die Ziellinie überqueren, durchs Ziel kommen
    2. (attain)
    ▪ to \reach sth etw erreichen
    the temperature is expected to \reach 25°C today heute soll es bis zu 25°C warm werden
    she had \reached the nadir of her existence sie war an einem absoluten Tiefpunkt [in ihrem Leben] angelangt
    to \reach adulthood [or maturity] /one's majority erwachsen/volljährig werden
    to \reach an agreement/a consensus eine Übereinkunft/Übereinstimmung erzielen
    to \reach a certain altitude/velocity eine bestimmte Höhe/Geschwindigkeit erreichen
    to \reach the conclusion/decision that... zu dem Schluss/der Entscheidung kommen, dass...
    to \reach [a] deadlock in einer Sackgasse landen fig
    to \reach fever pitch den Siedepunkt erreichen
    to \reach an impasse nicht mehr weiterkommen
    to \reach manhood/womanhood zum Mann/zur Frau werden
    to \reach orgasm zum Orgasmus kommen
    to \reach the point of no return einen Punkt erreichen, an dem es kein Zurück [mehr] gibt
    she's \reached the point of no return es gibt für sie kein Zurück [mehr]
    to have \reached one's prime/puberty im besten Alter/in der Pubertät sein
    to \reach a settlement zu einer Einigung gelangen
    to \reach the turning point zum Wendepunkt kommen
    to \reach a verdict zu einem Urteil gelangen
    ▪ to \reach sth road bis zu etw dat führen; hair, clothing bis zu etw dat reichen
    her hair \reaches her waistline ihre Haare reichen ihr bis zur Taille
    to be able to \reach sth an etw akk heranreichen [können], an etw akk herankommen
    our daughter can \reach the door handle now unsere Tochter kommt jetzt schon an den Türgriff ran fam
    5. (give)
    ▪ to \reach sb sth jdm etw hinüberreichen [o geh reichen]
    can you \reach me the water, please? kannst du mir bitte das Wasser herüberreichen?
    I \reached him a plate from the cupboard ich holte ihm einen Teller aus dem Schrank
    6.
    ▪ to \reach sb (contact) jdn erreichen; (phone) jdn [telefonisch] erreichen
    7. TV, RADIO
    to \reach an audience ein Publikum erreichen
    ▪ to \reach sb jdn erreichen fig, zu jdm vordringen fig
    * * *
    [riːtʃ]
    1. n
    1)

    (= act of reaching) to make a reach for sth — nach etw greifen

    2)

    (denoting accessibility) within/out of sb's reach — in/außer jds Reichweite (dat), in/außer Reichweite für jdn

    mountains within easy reach — Berge, die leicht erreichbar sind

    this town is within easy reach of London for a day trip — man kann von dieser Stadt aus gut Tagesflüge nach London machen

    this subject is beyond his reach — dieses Thema geht über seinen Horizont (inf)

    3) (= distance one can reach) Reichweite f; (BOXING) Aktionsradius m

    a long reach — lange Arme pl, ein großer Aktionsradius

    4) (= sphere of action, influence) Einflussbereich m
    5)

    (= stretch) reaches (of beach, river) — Strecke f; (of canal) Wasserhaltung f; (of woodland) Gebiet nt

    2. vt
    1) (= arrive at) erreichen; point ankommen an (+dat); town, country ankommen in (+dat); perfection erlangen; agreement, understanding erzielen, kommen zu; conclusion kommen or gelangen zu

    when we reached him he was dead — als wir zu ihm kamen, war er tot

    to reach the terrace you have to cross the garden — um auf die Terrasse zu kommen, muss man durch den Garten gehen

    to reach school age/the age of 50 — das Schulalter/die 50 erreichen

    you can reach me at my hotel —

    2)

    (= stretch to get or touch) to be able to reach sth — an etw (acc) (heran)reichen können, bis zu etw langen können (inf)

    3) (= come up to, go down to) reichen or gehen bis zu
    4) (inf: get and give) langen (inf), reichen

    reach me ( over) that book — reiche or lang (inf) mir das Buch (herüber)

    5) (US JUR) witness bestechen
    3. vi
    1) (to, as far as bis) (territory etc) sich erstrecken, gehen, reichen; (voice, sound) tragen
    2) (= stretch out hand or arm) greifen
    3)
    * * *
    reach [riːtʃ]
    A v/t
    1. (hin-, her)reichen, geben
    3. a) (her)langen, nehmen:
    reach sth down etwas herunterlangen oder -nehmen;
    reach sth up etwas hinaufreichen oder -langen
    b) erreichen:
    can you reach that book on the shelf?
    4. reach out die Hand etc ausstrecken:
    reach out a hand for langen oder greifen nach
    5. reichen oder sich erstrecken oder gehen bis an (akk) oder zu:
    the water reached his knees das Wasser ging ihm bis an die Knie
    6. eine Zahl etc erreichen, sich belaufen auf (akk):
    the cost will reach millions die Kosten werden in die Millionen gehen;
    he reached a great age er erreichte ein hohes Alter
    7. eine Übereinkunft etc erreichen, erzielen, gelangen zu:
    reach no conclusion zu keinem Schluss kommen
    8. a) einen Ort erreichen, eintreffen oder ankommen in oder an (dat):
    reach home nach Hause gelangen;
    reach sb’s ear jemandem zu Ohren kommen
    b) jemanden erreichen (on unter einer Telefonnummer):
    he can be reached at his office er ist in seinem Büro erreichbar;
    his letter never reached us sein Brief ist nie bei uns angekommen
    9. das Endspiel, das Ziel etc erreichen
    10. fig (ein)wirken auf (akk), beeinflussen, jemanden (durch Argumente, Werbung etc) ansprechen oder gewinnen:
    reach a large audience ein großes Publikum erreichen
    11. obs oder poet verstehen, begreifen
    B v/i
    1. (mit der Hand) reichen oder greifen oder langen (to bis zu)
    2. a) auch reach out langen, greifen ( beide:
    for nach) (beide a. fig):
    reach above o.s. fig über sich hinauswachsen
    b) reach out die Hand ausstrecken
    3. reichen, sich erstrecken oder ausdehnen ( alle:
    to bis [zu]):
    the water reached as far as his knees das Wasser ging ihm bis an die Knie;
    as far as the eye can reach so weit das Auge reicht
    4. sich belaufen (to auf akk)
    5. SCHIFF mit Backstagbrise segeln
    C s
    1. Griff m:
    make a reach for sth nach etwas greifen oder langen
    2. Reich-, Tragweite f (eines Geschosses, einer Waffe, auch der Stimme etc):
    above ( oder beyond, out of) sb’s reach außer jemandes Reichweite, für jemanden unerreichbar oder unerschwinglich;
    within reach erreichbar;
    within sb’s reach in jemandes Reichweite, für jemanden erreichbar oder erschwinglich;
    within easy reach leicht zu erreichen;
    within easy reach of the station vom Bahnhof aus leicht zu erreichen;
    she lives within easy reach of the shops (bes US stores) von ihrer Wohnung aus sind die Geschäfte leicht zu erreichen
    3. Ausdehnung f, Bereich m, Umfang m, Spannweite f:
    have a wide reach einen weiten Spielraum haben, sich weit erstrecken
    4. ausgedehnte Fläche:
    a reach of woodland ein ausgedehntes Waldgebiet
    5. fig Weite f, (geistige) Leistungsfähigkeit oder Fassungskraft, (geistiger) Horizont
    6. Einflusssphäre f, -bereich m:
    it is not within my reach es steht nicht in meiner Macht
    7. a) Kanalabschnitt m (zwischen zwei Schleusen)
    b) (überschaubare) Flussstrecke
    8. TECH Kupplungsdeichsel f
    9. US oder obs Vorgebirge n, Landzunge f
    10. Boxen: Reichweite f
    * * *
    1.
    [riːtʃ]transitive verb
    1) (arrive at) erreichen; ankommen od. eintreffen in (+ Dat.) [Stadt, Land]; erzielen [Übereinstimmung, Übereinkunft]; kommen zu [Entscheidung, Entschluss; Ausgang, Eingang]

    be easily reached — leicht erreichbar od. zu erreichen sein (by mit)

    have you reached page 45 yet? — bist du schon auf Seite 45 [angelangt]?

    you can reach her at this number/by radio — du kannst sie unter dieser Nummer/über Funk erreichen

    2) (extend to) [Straße:] führen bis zu; [Leiter, Haar:] reichen bis zu
    2. intransitive verb
    2) (be long/tall enough)

    something will/won't reach — etwas ist/ist nicht lang genug

    he can't reach up to the top shelf — er kann das oberste Regal nicht [mit der Hand] erreichen

    will it reach as far as...? — wird es bis zu... reichen?

    can you reach? — kannst od. kommst du dran? (ugs.)

    3) (go as far as) [Wasser, Gebäude, Besitz:] reichen ([up] to bis [hinauf] zu)
    3. noun
    1) (extent of reaching) Reichweite, die

    be within easy reach — [Ort:] leicht erreichbar sein

    be out of reach — [Ort:] nicht erreichbar sein; [Gegenstand:] außer Reichweite sein

    be within/beyond the reach of somebody — in/außer jmds. Reichweite sein; (fig.) für jemanden im/nicht im Bereich des Möglichen liegen; (financially) für jemanden erschwinglich/unerschwinglich sein

    2) (expanse) Abschnitt, der
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    (§ pl.: reaches)
    = Reichweite f. (for) v.
    erreichen v.
    greifen (nach) v.
    sich erstrecken v.

    English-german dictionary > reach

  • 18 region

    1. n область, район, зона; край, страна

    the Arctic Region — Арктика, арктический регион

    2. n пространство
    3. n сфера, область
    4. n воен. округ, район
    5. n слой
    6. n анат. область, часть тела

    the abdominal region — область живота, абдоминальная область

    blacker-than-black region — область "чернее черного"

    7. n место, места

    the back regions — кухня; подсобное помещение

    the nether regions — ад, преисподняя

    desolate region — безлюдный район, безлюдное место

    Синонимический ряд:
    1. area (noun) area; belt; division; locale; part; portion; section; sector; territory; tract; vicinity; zone
    2. district (noun) district; precinct; quarter
    3. field (noun) bailiwick; champaign; demesne; domain; dominion; field; province; sphere; terrain; walk

    English-Russian base dictionary > region

  • 19 Chronology

      15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.
      400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.
      202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.
      137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.
      410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.
      714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.
      1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.
      1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.
      1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.
      1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.
      1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).
      1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.
      1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.
      1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.
      1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.
      1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.
      1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.
      1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.
      1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.
      1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.
      1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.
      1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.
      1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.
      1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.
      1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.
      1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.
      1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.
      1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
      1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.
      1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.
      1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.
      1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.
       King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.
       King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.
      1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.
      1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.
      1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.
       Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.
       Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.
       Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.
      1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.
      1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.
      1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.
      1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.
      1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.
      1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.
      1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.
      1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.
      1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.
      1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.
      1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.
      1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.
      1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.
      1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.
      1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.
      1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.
      1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.
      1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.
      1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.
      1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.
      1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.
      1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.
      1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.
      1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.
      1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.
       Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.
       King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.
      1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of
       Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.
       Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.
       King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.
      1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.
      1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.
      1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.
      1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.
      1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.
      1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.
       January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.
       Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.
      1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.
      1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.
      1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.
      1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.
      1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.
       May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.
       March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.
       Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.
      1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.
      1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January
      1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.
      1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."
       28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.
       February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.
       April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.
      1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.
      1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."
      1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.
       6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.
       8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.
      1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.
      1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.
      1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
       January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.
      1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.
      1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.
      1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.
       March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.
       March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.
      1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July
      1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.
      1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).
      1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.
      1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.
       January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.
       January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.
       November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.
       October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.
       January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.
       May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.
       October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.
       January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).
       United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.
       January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.
       1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
       May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.
       June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.
       February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.
       January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.
       July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.
      2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology

  • 20 φῶς

    φῶς, φωτός, τό (Trag.+ [in Hom. φάος or φόως]; loanw. in rabb.) ‘light’
    ① light in contrast to darkness, light
    ⓐ in the physical realm καθόλου τὸ φῶς μὴ βλέπειν (of Judas) Papias (3:2).—Opp. σκότος, as Job 18:18; En 104:8; PGM 5, 101; 7, 262; 13, 335; Theoph. Ant. 1, 2 (p. 60, 7) 2 Cor 4:6 (cp. Gen 1:3ff); 6:14. Not present at night J 11:10. λευκὸς ὡς τὸ φ. Mt 17:2. νεφέλη φωτός a bright cloud vs. 5 v.l. (TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 12 [Stone p. 22]). Of the light of the sun (φ. ἡλίου: Dio Chrys. 57 [74], 20 fr. Eur., Hippol. 617; Ael. Aristid. 45, 29 K.=8 p. 95 D; ApcZeph; Just., D. 128, 4; τὸ φ. τοῦ ἡλίου Theoph. Ant. 1, 2 [p. 60, 16]) Rv 22:5b; of a wondrous star IEph 19:2ab. Of lamp-light (Jer 25:10; Jos., Ant. 12, 319) Lk 8:16; 11:33 (v.l. φέγγος); J 5:35 (in imagery); Rv 18:23; 22:5a. Light fr. a transcendent source (Ael. Aristid. 49, 46 K.=p. 500, 17 D. ἐγένετο φῶς παρὰ τῆς Ἴσιδος; Marinus, Vi. Procli 23: a halo of light around Proclus’ head moves the beholder to προσκύνησις): an angel Ac 12:7; 2 Cor 11:14 (here ἄγγελος φωτός [cp. 1QS 3:20] is a messenger of the world of light in contrast to Satan); of Paul’s conversion experience Ac 9:3; 22:6 (both w. ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, as X., Cyr. 4, 2, 15; Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 29), 9, 11; 26:13 (οὐρανόθεν); the heavenly city Rv 21:24 (s. also bα below). ἐφάνη φῶς μέγα ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ a bright light appeared in the cave GJs 19:2, followed by φῶς ἐκεῖνο ὑπεστέλλετο that light faded out. ἦν τὸ ὄρος ἐκεῖνο διαφαίνων (pap=διαφαῖνον) αὐτῇ φ. that mountain was shining a light for her GJs 22:3.—In imagery: (εἰς φ. ἐλθεῖν=‘become apparent’ Hippol., Ref. 4, 28, 4) ἐν τῷ φωτί in the open, publicly (φ. of ‘the open’ X., Ages. 9, 1.—Opp. ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ) Mt 10:27; Lk 12:3 (Proverbia Aesopi 104 P.: ἅπερ ἐν νυκτὶ καλύπτεται, ταῦτα εἰς φῶς λαληθέντα … ‘what is hidden in the night gets talked about in the light’). Of an evil-doer it is said: μισεῖ τὸ φῶς καὶ οὐκ ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ φῶς J 3:20 (cp. Eur., Iph. T. 1026 κλεπτῶν γὰρ ἡ νύξ, τῆς δʼ ἀληθείας τὸ φῶς=the night’s for thieves, the light’s for truth; Plut., Mor. 82b, Contra Volupt. in Stob., Anthol. 3, 6, 33 vol. III 299 H.; Philo, De Jos. 68, Spec. Leg. 1, 319–23; TestNapht 2:10).
    ⓑ in a transcendent sense
    α. the passages in the central portion of 1a above show that light is the element and sphere of the divine (Ael. Aristid. 28, 114 K.=49 p. 528 D.: τοῦ θεοῦ φῶς; SibOr 3, 787 ἀθάνατον φ.; Tat. 13, 2 λόγος … ἐστὶ τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ φ.—Iren. 1, 4, 1 [Harv. I 32, 1]). God is called φῶς οἰκῶν ἀπρόσιτον 1 Ti 6:16 (Plut., Pericl. 173 [39, 2] the gods dwell in τὸν τόπον ἀσάλευτον φωτὶ καθαρωτάτῳ περιλαμπόμενον, Mor. 567f: the divine φωνή proceeds fr. a φῶς μέγα that suddenly shines forth), or it is said that God dwells ἐν τῷ φωτί 1J 1:7b. In fact, God is described as light pure and simple ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν vs. 5 (Philo, Somn. 1, 75; cp. TestJob 4:1 εἶπεν τὸ φῶς; ParJer 6:12; Ath. 31, 3 πάντα δὲ φῶς αὐτὸν ὄντα.—OSchaefer, StKr 105, ’33, 467–76). Cp. Dg 9:6. Likew. the Divine Redeemer (ParJer 9:14 τὸ φῶς τῶν αἰώνων πάντων) in the Fourth Gospel: J 1:7–9 (FAuer, Wie ist J 1:9 zu verstehen?: ThGl 28, ’36, 397–407); 12:35ab, 36ab (for 1J 2:8 s. β; on divinity as light s. RCharles, The Book of Enoch 1912, 71f; GWetter, Phōs [ΦΩΣ] 1915. S. also MDibelius, Die Vorstellung v. göttl. Licht: Deutsche Literaturzeitung 36, 1915, 1469–83 and MNilsson, GGA 1916, 49ff; FDölger, Die Sonne der Gerechtigkeit 1918, Sol Salutis 1920; WBousset, Kyrios Christos 2, 1921, 173; 174, 2 and 3; HJonas, Gnosis u. spätantiker Geist I ’34; Dodd 133–36; 183–87 al.; EGoodenough, By Light, Light: The Mystic Gospel of Hellenistic Judaism ’35; RBultmann, Z. Gesch. der Lichtsymbolik im Altertum: Philol 97, ’48, 1–36; 1QH 4:6; 18:29; BGU 597, 33 [I A.D.]). Jesus calls himself τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου J 8:12a; 9:5; 12:46; cp. 3:19a (Mel., P. 103, 795; Wetter, ‘Ich bin das Licht der Welt’: Beiträge zur Religionswissenschaft I/2, 1914, 171ff), and is called τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1:4 (Ael. Aristid. 45, 33 K.=8 p. 97 D.: Sarapis as κοινὸν ἄπασιν ἀνθρώποις φῶς; hymn to Anubis fr. Kios [IAndrosIsis, p. 139] 7: Isis as φῶς πᾶσι βροτοῖσι). His very being is light and life (ζωή 2aβ; s. JWeisengoff, CBQ 8, ’46, 448–51) 1:4. Cp. also vs. 5; 3:19b, 21; Lk 2:32 (Jesus is a φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν).—FDölger, Lumen Christi: Ac V/1, ’35, 1–43. The martyr καθαρὸν φῶς λαμβάνει receives the pure light of heaven IRo 6:2.
    β. light, that illuminates the spirit and soul of humans (OdeSol 11:19 μεταβληθέντες ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς τὸ φῶς; JosAs 15:13 ἀναγαγεῖν με εἰς τὸ φῶς; Mel., P. 68, 491 ῥυσάμενος … ἐκ σκότους εἰς φῶς; Philosoph. Max. 499, 39 σωφροσύνη … ψυχῆς φῶς ἐστιν), is gener. the element in which the redeemed person lives, rich in blessings without and within (En 5:6 σωτηρία, φῶς ἀγαθόν; vs. 8 φ. καὶ χάρις; PsSol 3:12 ἡ ζωὴ αὐτῶν ἐν φωτὶ κυρίου): τότε ῤαγήσεται πρώϊμον τὸ φῶς σου then your light will break out early in the morning B 3:4 (Is 58:8; s. πρόϊμος, end). Of God δεῖξαι αὐτῷ (God’s servant) φῶς 1 Cl 16:12 (Is 53:11); of Messianic salvation, the gospel, etc. (opp. σκοτία, σκότος) Mt 4:16ab; AcPl Ha 8, 32f (Is 9:1ab; cp. Lucian, Nigr. 4 ἔχαιρον ὥσπερ ἐκ ζοφεροῦ ἀέρος ἐς μέγα φῶς ἀναβλέπων ‘I rejoiced, looking up as it were from a gloomy atmosphere into a bright light’); Ac 26:18; Eph 5:13; Col 1:12; 1 Pt 2:9; 1 Cl 36:2; 59:2; 2 Cl 1:4. τὸ φῶς τῆς ζωῆς (cp. 1QS 3:7) J 8:12b. τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν (ParJer 9:3 φ. ἀληθινόν; cp. τὸ τῆς ἀληθείας φ. Did., Gen. 87, 23f; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 13, 20; saying of Pythagoreans: WienerStud 8, 1886 p. 280 no. 118 in contrast to σκότος; cp. TestJob 43:6 ὁ τοῦ σκότους καὶ οὐχὶ τοῦ φωτός [of Elihu]) 1J 2:8, cp. J 1:9 (s. α above). φῶς καταγγέλλειν Ac 26:23. To be filled w. Christian truth means ἐν τῷ φωτὶ περιπατεῖν 1J 1:7a, εἶναι 2:9, μένειν vs. 10. Such persons are called υἱοὶ τοῦ φωτός Lk 16:8; J 12:36c (cp. 1QS 1:9 et passim); 1 Th 5:5; τέκνα φωτός Eph 5:8b (ESelwyn, 1 Pt ’46, 375–82; KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 339: 1QS 3:20; 5:9, 10); τέκνα φωτὸς ἀληθείας IPhld 2:1 (Porphyr., Ep. ad Marcellam 20 φῶς τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς ἀληθείας; Simplicius p. 88, 3; 138, 30 Düb. τὸ τῆς ἀληθείας φῶς). They put on τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός Ro 13:12, travel the ὁδὸς τοῦ φωτός B 18:1; 19:1, 12, and produce the καρπὸς τοῦ φωτός Eph 5:9. The rdg. τ̣ο̣ [φω]ς Ox 1081, 29 is better restored after the Coptic SJCh as τέλος (q.v. 1).
    γ. bearers or bringers of this kind of light (φῶς of persons: Od. 16, 23; Anacr. 51 Diehl [32 Page; 124 Bergk] φάος Ἑλλήνων; Pind., I. 2, 17; Trag.; Biogr. p. 453 Hippocr. as ἀστήρ and φῶς of the healing art; TestJob 53:3 Job as φῶς τῶν τυφλῶν; SIG 1238, 2 [c. 160 A.D.] Φήγιλλα, τὸ φῶς τῆς οἰκίας) Is 49:6 φῶς ἐθνῶν is referred to Paul and Barnabas Ac 13:47, and to Christ B 14:8 (as Just., D. 65, 7); cp. 14:7 (Is 42:6) and cp. bα above. The Ἰουδαῖος considers himself a φῶς τῶν ἐν σκότει Ro 2:19. Jesus’ disciples are τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου Mt 5:14; cp. vs. 16.—On Is 49:6 s. HOrlinsky, The 75th Anniv. Vol. of the JQR ’67, 409–28.
    δ. by metonymy, one who is illuminated or filled w. such light, or who stands in it Eph 5:8a (s. 1bβ above).—On the dualism of light and darkness, etc., s. Hebr. texts in the Dead Sea scrolls: KKuhn, ZTK 47, ’50, 192–211; WBrownlee, Excerpts fr. theTransl. of the Dead Sea Manual of Discipline: BASOR no. 121, ’51, 8–13; HPreisker, TLZ 77, ’52, 673–78; CHowie, The Cosmic Struggle: Int 8, ’54, 206–17.
    ② that which gives/bears light, torch, lamp, lantern, etc. (X., Hell. 5, 1, 8 φῶς ἔχειν; Musaeus vs. 224 of a λύχνος. Pl.: Plut., Ant. 927 [26, 6], Pelop. 284 [12, 3] al.; Lucian, Philops. 31) Ac 16:29. Fire, which furnishes both light and heat (X., Hell. 6, 2, 29; Cyr. 7, 5, 27; 1 Macc 12:29) Mk 14:54 (GBuchanan, ET 68, ’56, 27); Lk 22:56. Heavenly bodies (Manetho, Apotel. 6, 146 sun and moon δύο φῶτα; likew. Dio Chrys. 23 [40], 38; Ptolem., Apotel. 2, 13, 8; 3, 3, 3; 3, 5, 3 al. τὰ φ=constellations; Vett. Val. index II p. 384; PGM 13, 400; Ps 135:7; Jer 4:23): God is πατὴρ τῶν φώτων Js 1:17 (TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 11 [Stone p. 70] φῶς καλούμενον πατὴρ τοῦ φωτός; cp. ApcMos 36; 38); the sun as τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τούτου J 11:9 (Macrobius, Saturnal. 1, 23, 21 ἥλιε παντοκράτορ, … κόσμου φῶς; cp. Ps.-Demosth. 60, 24). Of the eye as an organ of light (Eur., Cycl. 633 φῶς Κύκλωπος; Ath. 32, 2) Mt 6:23; Lk 11:35.
    ③ that which is illuminated by light: πᾶν τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν everything that becomes visible is (= stands in the) light Eph 5:14.—CMugler, Dictionnaire historique de la terminologie optique des Grecs ’64.—B. 60. Cp. φέγγος; s. Schmidt, Syn. I 563–98. DELG s.v. φάε. Frisk s.v. φάος. New Docs 1, 98f. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > φῶς

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